The viscosity of a suspension of swimming bacteria is investigated analytically and numerically. We propose a simple model that allows for efficient computation for a large number of bacteria. Our calculations show that long-range hydrodynamic interactions, intrinsic to self-locomoting objects in a viscous fluid, result in a dramatic reduction of the effective viscosity. In agreement with exper...

A shock-like structure appears in a time-averaged pattern produced by the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation and the noisy Burgers equation with fixed boundary conditions. We show that the effective viscosity computed from the width of the time-averaged shock structure is consistent with that computed from the time correlation of the fluctuations. The effective viscosity depends on the lengthscale, ...

Most model lung surfactant (LS) monolayer (DPPC:POPG 7:3) work is done at room temperature, far below the physiological 37C. The reason for this is often that in addition to the experimental difficulties of working at higher temperatures, also model LS monolayers are highly fluid and unstable at these temperatures. Fluid monolayers collapse by flowing into the subphase through vesicles or disks...

the effects of single walled carbon nanotube (swcnt) on mixed convection in a cavity are investigated numerically. the problem is studied for different richardson numbers (0.1-10), volume fractions of nanotubes (0-1%), and aspect ratio of the cavity (0.5-2.5) when the grashof number is equal to 103. the volume fraction of added nanotubes to water as base fluid are lowers than 1% to make dilute ...

In this paper, the measurement of the viscosity of ZnO in ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, mixture of ethylene glycol and water (60:40 by weight), and a mixture of propylene glycol and water (60:40 by weight) and the thermal conductivity in ethylene glycol and propylene glycol as base fluids in the range of temperature from 25 ºC to 60 ºC are investigated. The results indicate that as the tem...