Tropical forest soils store a third of the global terrestrial carbon and control dioxide (CO2) effluxes to atmosphere produced by root microbial respiration. Soil CO2 efflux varies in time space is known be strongly influenced soil temperature water content. However, little about influence seasonality on efflux, especially tropical dry forests. This study evaluated temperature, volumetric conte...

Numerous studies show efflux as a universal bacterial mechanism contributing to antibiotic resistance and also that the activity of the antibiotics subject to efflux can be enhanced by the combined use of efflux inhibitors. Nevertheless, the contribution of efflux to the overall drug resistance levels of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is poorly understood and still is ignored b...

BACKGROUND One of the most important resistance mechanisms in bacteria is the increased expression of multidrug efflux pumps. To combat efflux-related resistance, the development of new efflux pump inhibitors is essential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten phosphorus ylides were compared based on their MDR-reverting activity in multidrug efflux pump system consisting of the subunits acridine-resistan...

We measured simultaneously in single toad rods the membrane photocurrent and the Ca concentration in a small volume surrounding the outer segment. Illumination causes a rise in the extracellular Ca concentration. Photocurrents and Ca concentration changes occur over the same range of light intensities. Analysis of the time course of the Ca concentration changes suggests that these concentration...

To examine directly in real time the efflux of organic compounds [e. g., organic anions (OAs) such as fluorescein (FL)] across the luminal membrane of isolated, perfused renal tubules during net secretion, we devised an approach utilizing a recently developed epifluorescence microscopy system for continuous monitoring of fluorescence in the collected perfusate. To illustrate this approach, we m...

Abstract Soil respiration is an important pathway of soil organic carbon losses in temperate grasslands; however, it rarely studied across broad management intensity gradients a landscape. Using the soda-lime method, we measured in-situ CO 2 efflux with single measurements long exposure time (i.e. 3 day long) 150 grasslands three German regions early summer 2018 and 2019. The ranged from unfert...

The req_39680 gene, associated to a putative efflux system, was detected in 60% (54/90) of R. equi isolates by PCR. The phenotypic expression of efflux mechanism was verified in 20% of the isolates using ethidium bromide. For the first time, the expression of efflux mechanism was demonstrated in R. equi.

The frog ventricle in sucrose solution contracts for several hours at 25 degrees C, and for as long as 24 hours at 5 degrees G. The possibility that a fraction of the extracellular fluid remains outside of the excitable membrane was examined by measuring the efflux of tracers. The half-time for the efflux to sucrose solution at 25 degrees C of C(14) sucrose is about 1 minute, for Na(24) is 6.5 ...

AcrAB-TolC is a major efflux pump in Escherichia coli. It was reported that tolC is overexpressed and involves in improving the organic solvent tolerance level in Escherichia coli marR mutants that are resistant to several antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin. Low and intermediate levels resistance did not improve organic solvent tolerance. Thus, in this descriptive-experimental study it was deci...

Multidrug efflux pumps contribute to multiple antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pump expression usually has been quantified by Western blotting. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction has been developed to measure mRNA expression for genes of interest. Whether this method correlates with pump protein quantities is unclear. We devised a real-time PCR for mRNA expression ...