cardiovascular disease (cvd) is the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. atherosclerosis is the major cause of cvd, accounting for about half of the attributed deaths. cholesterol homeostasis is one of the most important factors in atherosclerosis. atp-binding cassette transporters cholesterol. omega (ω) 3 fatty acids are important ligands for regulation of abc transpor...

The growth of Escherichia coli DH5α recombinants producing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (DH5αEPA+) and those not producing EPA (DH5αEPA-) was compared in the presence of hydrophilic or hydrophobic growth inhibitors. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of hydrophilic inhibitors such as reactive oxygen species and antibiotics were higher for DH5αEPA+ than for DH5αEPA-, and vice versa for hydroph...

Mitsohiro Yokohama and colleagues 1 noted that non-fatal coronary events, but not cardiac deaths, were lower in hypercholesterolaemic Japanese patients who were given 1800 mg per day of the omega 3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) than in controls. At first, these results seem to contrast with other published data which indicate that omega 3 fatty acid preparations, including the end prod...

Mouse brain microvessel endothelial cells convert eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to prostaglandin (PG) E3, PGI3, and several hydroxy fatty acid derivatives. Similar types of products are formed by these microvessel endothelial cells from arachidonic acid. The formation of PGI2 and PGE2 is reduced, however, when the brain microvessel endothelial cultures are incubated initially with EPA. Exposure t...

The use of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) as supplements has prompted the development of concentrated formulations to overcome compliance problems. The present study compares three concentrated preparations - ethyl esters, free fatty acids and re-esterified triglycerides - with placebo oil in a double-blinded design, and with fish body oil and cod liver oil in single-blinded ...

Dietary fish oil containing ω3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), elicit cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects through unresolved mechanisms that may involve competition and inhibition at multiple levels. Here, we report the effects of arachidonic acid (AA), EPA, and DHA supplementation on membrane incorporation, phospholipase A(2) catalyzed releas...

Hypertriglyceridemia is a highly prevalent lipid abnormality and it is associated with atherosclerosis, with a growing body of evidence linking elevated triglycerides (TGs) with cardiovascular disease. The current major omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) combination, lowers serum TGs while often increasing levels of low-density lipoprotei...

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an antioxidant and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines. We evaluated the role of EPA in chondrocyte apoptosis and degeneration. Normal human chondrocytes were treated with EPA and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and that of...

OBJECTIVE The study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (E-EPA) as add-on treatment in chronic, severe schizophrenia. METHOD A randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose, add-on study was conducted over 12 weeks. Forty patients with persistent symptoms after at least 6 months of stable antipsychotic treatment received E-EPA o...

The innate violence inhibition mechanism (VIM) purportedly regulates maladaptive aggressive behavior through motor inhibition, in response to expressions of distress, and is implicated psychopathy-related aggression. Deficiency eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; an omega-3 fatty acid) aggression callous-unemotional (CU) traits, however, its relationship the VIM remains unknown. Two studies tested rela...