We present a time-dependent finite element model of the human knee joint of full 3D geometric complexity together with advanced numerical algorithms needed for its simulation. The model comprises bones, cartilage and the major ligaments, while patella and menisci are still missing. Bones are modeled by linear elastic materials, cartilage by linear viscoelastic materials, and ligaments by onedim...

Commonly used polymer-based scaffolds often lack visco-elastic properties to serve as a replacement for cartilage tissue. This study explores the effect of reinforcement of silk matrix with chitosan microparticles to create a visco-elastic matrix that could support the redifferentiation of expanded chondrocytes. Goat chondrocytes produced collagen type II and glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-enriched ma...

Biological tissues are viscoelastic, demonstrating a mixture of fluid and solid responses to mechanical strain. Whilst viscoelasticity is critical for native tissue function, it is rarely used as a design criterion in biomaterials science or tissue engineering. We propose that viscoelasticity may be tailored to specific levels through manipulation of the hydrogel type, or more specifically the ...

Numerous materials have been suggested for correction of nasal defects, especially for the saddle nose. We present here our experience with the autogenous cartilage transplant from the auricular concha in our collective of 32 patients. The concha cartilage is used for saddle nose corrections and reconstruction of the alar cartilages. Auricular concha cartilage is an almost ideal transplant mate...

Introduction: The auricular cartilage of the outer ear is composed of chondrocytes embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) predominated by collagen (type II), elastin, and various glycosaminoglycan macromolecules. Tissue engineered cartilage for outer ear reconstruction has been a pursuit for more than two decades. The major hurdle has been the deterioration of any molded shape as the develop...

In the present study tissue samples were collected from external nares, nasal cavity, nasopharynx and larynx of six healthy adult Black Bengal goat. The samples were routinely prepared for histological observation. The external nares, and nasopharynx were lined by stratified squamous epithelium, and nasal cavity was ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Numerous hair follicles were ide...

Introduction Cartilage is a complex tissue whose extracellular matrix mainly consists of charged proteoglycan (PG) assemblies imbedded in a fibrous collagen network. PGs attract water and repel each other due to their negative charges generating a high swelling pressure. Collagens are proteins that form the fibrillar meshwork providing cartilage with its tensile strength. Cartilage extracellula...

The stiffness of articular cartilage is a nonlinear function of the strain amplitude and strain rate as well as the loading history, as a consequence of the flow of interstitial water and the stiffening of the collagen fibril network. This paper presents a full investigation of the interplay between the fluid kinetics and fibril stiffening of unconfined cartilage disks by analyzing over 200 cas...

The proteoglycan of articular cartilage provides this tissue with its elastic properties, and the structure of these molecules plays a major role in determining the resilience of the tissue to compression. In the present paper we have shown that the structure of the proteoglycan subunits in human articular cartilage changes considerably between the fetus and the mature adult. These changes occu...

Introduction Cartilage is a complex tissue whose extracellular matrix mainly consists of charged proteoglycan (PG) assemblies imbedded in a fibrous collagen network. PGs attract water and repel each other due to their negative charges generating a high swelling pressure. Collagens are proteins that form the fibrillar meshwork providing cartilage with its tensile strength. Cartilage extracellula...