Along with the common goal of reducing fuel consumption for vehicles, the hybrid electric vehicle stands out as a mean for more fuel efficient driving. Besides the conventional combustion engine and fuel tank, the hybrid electric vehicle is also equipped with an electric motor and a battery for propulsion. Car manufacturers are presently working to provide the markets with the next step of this...

The electroplates of the electric organ of Torpedo are embryonically derived from striated muscle fibres which lose their ability to contract and develop greatly expanded end-plate surfaces (cf. Rosenberg, 1928). From consideration of the thermodynamics of the Torpedo organ discharge, Bernstein (1912) concluded that the electric energy of the discharge was derived from a difference between the ...

In this paper, the effects of plasma discharge parameters on the nano particles formation process in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reactor using a model based on equations of ionization kinetics for different active species are studied. A radio frequency applied electric field causes ionization inside the reactor and consequently different reaction schemically active speci...

complicated potential structure formed at a constriction of positive column of a dc discharge with heated cathode in he at low discharge currents is investigated. according to the potential structure, electrons and ions are accelerated by the electric field and their energy distribution functions acquire multi humped shapes. additional maximums on distribution functions quickly disappear due to...

Atmospheric pressure corona discharges are used in electrophotographic (EP) printing technologies for charging imaging surfaces such as photoconductors. A typical corona discharge consists of a wire (or wire array) biased with a few hundred volts of dc plus a few kV of ac voltage. An electric discharge is produced around the corona wire from which electrons drift towards and charge the underlyi...

In this paper we mathematically model the densification of metallic powders and the sintering of ceramic powders by electric discharge. The ordinary and partial differential equations governing these processes are the same with the exception of the effective electrical conductivity. This function is a monotonically decreasing (increasing) function of temperature for the metallic (ceramic) powde...