The small outline transistor (SOT) devices which were interconnected with 20 lm copper bonding wire and encapsulated with commercial epoxy molding compound (EMC) have been used in a series of reliability tests which including the thermal shock test, the electrical service life test, and the isothermal aging test. Isolated IMC spots were found at the bonding interface during the thermal shock te...

This paper presents an ultrasound piezoceramic transducer, centred into an extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor system. The electromagnetic acoustic source lithotriptor initiates the incident shock waves into the water, and the ultrasound transducer improves the caviational effects of the bubbles. The piezoelectric transducer is powered by a Function/Pulse Generator type IWATSU SG-4511, and c...

BACKGROUND Optimal motor control of the spine depends on proprioceptive input as a prerequisite for co-ordination and the stability of the spine. Muscle spindles are known to play an important role in proprioception. Animal experiments suggest that an increase in sympathetic outflow can depress muscle spindle sensitivity. As the muscle spindle may be influenced by sympathetic modulation, we hyp...

We report the case of a young man who accidentally received a prolonged electric discharge from electrical wires and released the electric source with the help of an inappropriate shock from his implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), after misinterpretation of the electrical signal by the device as a ventricular tachycardia. This case illustrates the "electrical noise" phenomenon, and un...

SINCE the introduction of electrical shock treatment as a means of combating psychiatric disorders, great interest has been manifested in the brain changes which occur as the result of treatments by this method. Suf­ ficient time has transpired so that it is possible now to evaluate the results of experimental and clinical reports. For this reason, it has seemed desirable to review crit­ ically...

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is sometimes diagnosed post electrical injury. Unfortunately, there is no clear causal connection between electric shock and the electro-diagnostic indications of CTS. One might thus infer that the electro-diagnostic appearance of signal slowing through the carpal tunnel is indicative of electrical injury to the median nerve as opposed to the mechanical compression ...

Electrical characteristics of the node were analyzed in comparison with those of the flank of the internodal cell in Chara corallina. The dependence of the membrane potential of the node on pH and K+ concentration was almost the same as that of the flank. In the flank, the increase in the Ca2+ concentration stopped the depolarization in the presence of 100 mM KCl. In the node, however, Ca2+ cou...

Anisotropic conductive film (ACF) has been used for flip chip interconnection of a silicon based MEMS finger print sensor to a signal processing ASIC. The assembled sensor device was subjected to a short term high temperature profile with peak temperature 260 C simulating subsequent reflow soldering of the device, and to thermal shock cycling from -40 to +85 C. The reliability of interconnect...

Ventricular fibrillation, the major reason behind sudden cardiac death, is turbulent cardiac electrical activity in which rapid, irregular disturbances in the spatiotemporal electrical activation of the heart make it incapable of any concerted pumping action. Methods of controlling ventricular fibrillation include electrical defibrillation as well as injected medication. Electrical defibrillati...

the most important characteristics of ptsd, as an anxiety disorder, are memory disorders and hippocampus is one of the essential structures which plays a critical role in ptsd memory disorders. traumatic events cause apoptosis and alter the expression of neurotrophic factors in hippocampus. the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of β-estradiol on behavioral responses in ptsd and to st...