We present a bilevel optimization approach to designing effective and efficient incentive policies for promoting renewable energy. The effectiveness of an incentive policy is its capability to achieve a goal that would not be achievable without it. Renewable portfolio standard is used in this thesis as the policy goal. The efficiency of an incentive policy is measured by the amount of intervent...

This paper analyses the combination of taxes and subsidies as an instrument to enable a reduction in CO2 emission. The objective of the study is to compare recycling of a CO2 tax revenue as a subsidy for biomass use as opposed to traditional recycling such as reduced income or corporate taxation. A model of Denmark's energy supply sector is used to analyse the e€ect of a CO2 tax combined with u...

In order to meet the Kyoto targets, in the Netherlands in 2010 9% of electricity consumption should be generated from renewable resources. In this paper, we discuss and comment on the green energy policy that the Dutch government has adopted in 2001 and 2002 in order to reach this goal, and the new subsidy system that will be in place as of 2003. On the one hand, the policies from the past were...

This paper analyses the determinants of household electricity consumption with focus to find impact government subsidies and surcharges on demand for services in rural areas. Using surveyed data 332 samples, quantile regression has been employed checking heterogeneity across different households. We subsidy enhanced elasticity ranging from 45 65 percent. Skeptically, consumers higher tend consu...

Introduction The EU Electricity and Gas Directives 96/92/EC and 98/30/EC were adopted in 1996 and 1998, with member countries having until February 1999 and August 2000 to incorporate their provisions into domestic legislation. At one level, the directives were the logical extension to public utilities of the principles of the single market – “the free movement of goods, persons, services and c...

Under current law, the production tax credit (PTC) incentive for renewable electricity will expire at the end of 2013. Generally, congressional debate about the PTC falls within a spectrum of options. At one end of the spectrum, proposals have been made to eliminate the incentive. At the other end of the spectrum, proposals include making the PTC permanent. Other proposals, such as temporarily ...

The Indian agrarian economy on the eve of independence was critical in situation. It could be characterized totally primitive, deteriorative and turbulent. During the British imperial regime, no pervasive and conductive measures were taken to boost the agriculture. The partition of country worsened the food situation in the country. This reduced the agricultural production and created difficult...

During the summer of previous years, Kuwait faced a series of power shortages emphasizing the need for urgent commissioning of power generation projects. It is estimated that the demand for electricity is growing at an average of 5.4% per year, encouraged by government subsidies and driven by the rapid and continual expansion in building construction, urban development, and heavy reliance on ai...