An electrochemical flow cell with a boron-doped diamond dual-plate microtrench electrode has been developed and demonstrated for hydroquinone flow injection electroanalysis in phosphate buffer pH 7. Using the electrochemical generator-collector feedback detector improves the sensitivity by one order of magnitude (when compared to a single working electrode detector). The diffusion process is sw...

In this article, the physico-chemical and electrochemical conditions of through-silicon via formation were studied. First, macropore arrays were etched through a low doped n-type silicon wafer by anodization under illumination into a hydrofluoric acid-based electrolyte. After electrochemical etching, 'almost' through-silicon macropores were locally opened by a backside photolithographic process...

Neurons release neurotransmitters in a process called exocytosis, wherein packets of transmitter molecules are released from the cells upon stimulation. Adrenal chromaffin cells, which also undergo exocytosis, constitute a model system for neuronal release. Quantal release of adrenaline from chromaffin cells can be measured using the electrochemical technique of amperometry, historically employ...

in the current work, graphene oxide (go) samples were prepared at room temperature from graphite flakes using a modified hummer's method to produce metal-free electrocatalysts. the effect of the duration of the oxidation process on the structural, chemical and physical characteristics of the go samples was evaluated using x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), ...

The electrochemical behavior of nifedipine (I), nitrendipine(II) and their photodegradation products has been studied by employing electrochemical techniques in chloroform and in 1:4 mixture of chloroform-isopropanol using piperidinium perchlorate (PPC) as supporting electrolyte. It has been shown that I and II undergo in a 4e, 4H+ irreversible reduction reaction, while the reduc...

The electrochemical reduction mechanism of ethidium bromide was first studied by spectroelectrochemistry. This reduction was proved to be a two-step process by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry, in which each step was proved to be a one-electron transfer process by a spectropotentiostatic fluorescence technique. Hydroethidine was confirmed to be the ...

introduction             wastewater treatment using activated sludge process (asp) produces huge amounts of sludge that must be treated by efficient methods. wastewater sludge handling is one of the most important economic-technical challenges of wastewater treatment projects. conventional methods for this purpose are very time consuming, expensive and in lots of cases have limited success. in ...

Ammonia is exclusively synthesized by the Haber-Bosch process starting from precious carbon resources such as coal or CH4. With H2O, H2 is produced and with N2, NH3 can be synthesized at high pressures and temperatures. Regrettably, the carbon is not incorporated into NH3 but emitted as CO2. Valuable carbon sources are consumed which could be used otherwise when carbon sources become scarce. We...

the mechanistic aspects of the electrochemical reduction of u(v1) nitrate at a mercury electrode in chloroform, using three different supporting electrolytes, are described. in the presence of tetrabutylarnmonium perchlorate (tbap) as a neutral electrolyte, uo (no ) , reduced in two irreversible electrochemical steps to form a u(v1)-u(v) binuclear complex and u(iv), respectively. in the presenc...