We demonstrate high-efficient white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) based on triplet multiple quantum well (MQW) structure and focus on the influence on WOLEDs through employing different potential barrier materials to form type-I and type-II MQWs, respectively. It is found that type-I MQW structure WOLEDs based on 1,3,5-tris(N-phenyl-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene as potential barrier layer ...

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, a periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific, generates a significant proportion of short-term climate variations globally, second only to the seasonal cycle. Global economic losses of tens of billions of dollars are attributed to extremes of ENSO (i.e., El Niño and La Niña), suggesting that these ev...

El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been linked to climate anomalies throughout the world. This paper presents an overview of global ENSO-streamflow teleconnection and identifies regions where the relationship may be exploited to forecast streamflow several months ahead. The teleconnection is investigated by fitting a first harmonic to 24-month El Nino streamflow composites from 581 catchme...

Diaryl-substituted anthracene derivatives containing 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) groups, 9,10-diphenyl-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)anthracene (1), 9,10-di([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)anthracene (2), and 9,10-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) anthracene (3) were synthesized and characterized. The compounds 1–3 possessed high thermal stability and proper fron...

The fabrication of a non-doped red organic light-emitting device (OLED) has been developed using naturally occurring curcumin as an emissive layer of OLED. In this research, the electroluminescent spectrum (EL) of curcumin as a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) chromophore was obtained at wavelength of 612 nm. Also, the maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQE) for this device was measured and fou...

Organic electroluminescent materials have been the subject of intense research for use in light emitting diodes (LEDs). When compared with liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) require lower energy input, have a wider viewing angle with improved color contrast, and can be made much thinner. The electroluminescence (EL) of organic compounds was first demonstrated ...

A new series of highly efficient Ir(III) complexes, (DPQ)2Ir(pic-N-O), (F4PPQ)2Ir(pic-N-O), (FPQ)2Ir(pic-N-O), and (CPQ)2Ir(pic-N-O) were synthesized for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs), and their photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent (EL) properties were investigated. The Ir(III) complexes, including picolinic acid N-oxide (pic-N-O) ancillary ligand, are...

The Northern Indian Ocean is unique in the global ocean because of seasonal reversal of winds as well as surface ocean currents. In the southern part of the Indian Ocean, a significant ocean-atmospheric phenomenon developed just like an El Nino phenomenon noticed in the Pacific Ocean. This phenomenon is known as the Indian Ocean Dipole. In this study we investigate the relationship between IOD ...

T HE role of rumen protozoa in ruminant metabolism has received increasing attention during the past few years. Increased rates of gain by lambs containing protozoa compared to protozoa-free lambs were reported by Abou Akkada and el-Shazly (1964) and Yoder et al. (1964), who demonstrated that certain rations are more readily digested by faunated than by defaunated lambs. Greater rumen ammonia c...

The geometry of faults is usually thought to be more complicated at the surface than at depth and to control the initiation, propagation and arrest of seismic ruptures1–6. The fault system that runs from southern California into Mexico is a simple strike-slip boundary: the west side of California and Mexico moves northwards with respect to the east. However, the Mw 7.2 2010 El Mayor–Cucapah ear...