نتایج جستجو برای: electron avalanche
تعداد نتایج: 313228 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
There is a need in emerging smart lighting concepts for a high-speed sensing capability to enable adaptive lighting (smart spaces) and visible light communication. One approach to address this need is to design and manufacture a novel complementary-metal–oxide– semiconductor (CMOS) compatible, cost-effective detector array and readout circuit (ROIC) that incorporates integrated waveguide detect...
Single pulse transmissivity and reflectivity of fused silica irradiated by tightly focused 90 fs laser pulses at a center wavelength of 800 nm are numerically and experimentally investigated to study the role of nonlinear photoionization and avalanche ionization processes in free electron generation. The laser beam inside fused silica is modeled with a 2+1 -dimensional propagation equation whic...
34 LLE Review, Volume 85 Introduction Currently, visible photon counting is commonplace for advanced optical imaging and spectroscopy. Several types of devices, including photomultiplier tubes,1 quantum semiconductor avalanche photodiodes,2 and superconducting tunnel junctions,3 have been successfully implemented. In general, such detectors work by a cascade mechanism: an incident single photon...
Avalanche photodiodes are commonly used as detectors for low energy x-rays. In this work, we report on a fitting technique used to account for different detector responses resulting from photoabsorption in the various avalanche photodiode layers. The use of this technique results in an improvement of the energy resolution at 8.2 keV by up to a factor of 2 and corrects the timing information by ...
A novel concept for ion blocking in gas-avalanche detectors was developed, comprising cascaded micro-hole electron multipliers with patterned electrodes for ion defocusing. This leads to ion blocking at the 10 level, in DC mode, in operation conditions adequate for TPCs and for gaseous photomultipliers. The concept was validated in a cascaded visible-sensitive gas avalanche photomultiplier oper...
We present a Photon-Assisted Cascaded Electron Multipliers (PACEM) which has a potential for ion back-flow blocking in gaseous radiation detectors: the avalanche from a first multiplication stage propagates to the successive one via its photons, which in turn induce photoelectron emission from a photocathode deposited on the second multiplier stage; the multiplication process may further contin...
Simplified equations describing the transport and energy spectrum of runaway electrons are derived from the basic kinematics of the continuity equations. These equations are useful in modeling the energy distribution of energetic electrons in strong electric fields, such as those found inside thunderstorms. Dwyer and Babich (2011) investigated the generation of low-energy electrons in relativis...
Gas avalanche detectors, combining solid photocathodes with fast electron multipliers, provide an attractive solution for photon localization over very large sensitive areas and under high illumination #ux. They o!er single-photon sensitivity and the possibility of operation under very intense magnetic "elds. We discuss the principal factors governing the operation of gas avalanche photomultipl...
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In this work we report a separate-absorption-charge-multiplication Ge/Si avalanche photodiode with an enhanced gain-bandwidth-product of 845 GHz at a wavelength of 1310 nm. The corresponding gain value is 65 and the electrical bandwidth is 13 GHz at an optical input power of -30 dBm. The unconventional high gain-bandwidth-product is investigated using device physical simulation and optical puls...
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