The use of appropriate level of theories for studying weak interactions such as 8-8 stackinginteractions of aromatic molecules has been an important aspect, since the high level methods havelimitations for application to large molecules. The differences in the stacking energies of variousaromatic molecular structures are found significant. It is also very important for identifying the mostfavor...

The low-energy excitations of filled Landau levels (LL's) of electrons involve promotion of a single electron from the topmost filled LL to the lowest empty LL. These are called excitons or collective modes. The incompress-ible fractional quantum Hall states are understood as filled LL's of composite fermions, and the low-energy neutral excitations are excitons of composite fermions. New techni...

dft-gga method of perdew-burke-ernzerhof (pbe) is used with aug-cc-pvtz, 6-311++g**, and def2-tzvp large basis sets to study the hydrogen bond interactions between oxygen lone pair as a donor electron with hydrogen atom connected to the aniline’s nitrogen as an electron acceptor (h2o···hnh-ph), and nitrogen lone pair with hydrogen of water molecule (ph-h2n···hoh), both in the gas phase. in some...

introduction the use of cut-outs in electron applicators make changes on output, isodose, and percentage depth dose (pdd) curves. these changes and electron beam dose distribution in the form of three-dimensional (3d) can be measured by gel dosimeters. materials and methods dosimetry was performed with and without a square shield (6×6 cm2 field). the energies were 4, 9, and 16 mev and phantom w...

Introduction: The use of electrons in the electron therapy to destroy tumoral tissue is dedicated significant contribution of different methods of radiation therapy. Scattered radiation due to exited electrons of the applicator affect the dose out of the field in the patient's normal tissue. The aim of this study is to determine the peripheral dose outside the applicator in the...

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is a powerful method for analyzing elemental, chemical, dielectric, and other information. The technique can be extended to produce quantitative images useful for interpreting the spatial distribution of this information. This paper describes an implementation of a new method of quantitative mapping...

Since the requirements in terms of power of the electronic applications range wide, the 11 developed Energy Harvesting (EH) systems limit their availability to the less power demanding 12 applications. However, this paper focuses on increasing the energy levels collected in the EH 13 system so that it can be included in more demanding applications in terms of power. Therefore, an 14 electronic ...

8 0h 3c = 1.097× 10 m−1 sets the scale of energy levels, and hence electonic transitions, in hydrogen. Outer electrons in more complex atoms often have energies typical of higher levels in hydrogen. • The fine structure constant α = e2 4π 0~c = 137.04 −1 characterises the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. In hydrogen, it sets the scale of perturbations to the non-relativistic Schrödi...

The electronic states of CF3I have been investigated using photon and electron energy loss spectroscopy from 4 to 20 eV (310 nm > λ > 60 nm). Assignments have been suggested for each of the observed absorption bands incorporating both valence and Rydberg transitions. Vibrational structure in each of these bands is observed for the first time. Absolute photo-absorption cross-sections have also b...