The cold in-place recycling (CIPR) is a process where the existing bituminous pavement is recycled without application of heat. In CIPR process the scarified material from the existing pavement is crushed to the required gradation and binder in cold form (emulsion or cutback or foamed bitumen) is added. Externally acquired Reclaimed Bituminous Pavement (RBP) or fresh aggregates are also added d...

For classical elasticity, the constitutive equations (Hooke’s law) have the same functional form for both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous materials. However, for straingradient elasticity, such is not the case. This paper shows that for strain-gradient elasticity with volumetric and surface energy (Casal’s continuum), extra terms appear in the constitutive equations which are associated with the...

A wide range of surfaces can be defined by means of composite parametric surfaces as is the case for most CAD modelers. There are, essentially, two approaches to meshing parametric surfaces: direct and indirect. Popular direct methods include the octree-based method, the advancing-front-based method and the paving-based method working directly in the tridimensional space. The indirect approach ...

A satisfactory bituminous mix should have aggregate gradation, which will ensure maximum density and minimum voids in the mix to fulfill requirements of bituminous mix design specifications. In India organizations such as Indian Roads Congress and Ministry of Surface Transport (MOST) [1] have laid down specifications regarding the range of percentage passing of different size of aggregate in th...

an evolutionary structural optimization (eso) method is used for plastic design of frames. based on safe theorems some criteria are derived and made an effort to satisfy them during the optimization process. in this regard, equilibrium is checked and yield condition is gradually satisfied during the optimization process. in this method, the amount of used material and the stiffness for each ele...

The main objective of this study is to compare the differences between different gradation types mixtures (stone matrix asphalt (SMA), large stone (LSA), concrete (SAC), and superior performing pavements (Superpave)) conventional dense-graded (asphalt (AC)) in terms resistance rutting, moisture damage, low-temperature cracking, water permeability. paper reports a effect binders on performance m...

This paper provides an incremental layerwise finite element formulation for the viscoelastic analysis of multilayered pavements.  The constitutive behavior of asphalt concrete is represented by the Prony series. Layerwise finite element has been shown to provide an efficient and accurate tool for the numerical simulation of laminated structures. Most of the previous research on numerical simula...

We study pull-in instabilities in a functionally graded microelectromechanical system (MEMS) due to the heat produced by the electric current. Material properties of two-phase MEMS are assumed to vary continuously in the thickness direction. It is shown that the pull-in voltage strongly depends upon the variation through the thickness of the volume fractions of the two constituents. It is proba...