The microstructure and micro-composition of ZnO thin films doped with Al, deposited on Si/SiO2 substrates by sol-gel method were investigated by scanning and high resolution transmission electron microscopy and related energy dispersive X-ray analyses (SEM-EDX, STEM-HRTEM/EDX). Thin films of ZnO were prepared by deposition of 1-10 successive layers with 0.5 at.% and 5 at.% Al concentrations. Th...

In order to grow on soils that vary widely in chemical composition, plants have evolved mechanisms for regulating the elemental composition of their tissues to balance the mineral nutrient and trace element bioavailability in the soil with the requirements of the plant for growth and development. The biodiversity that exists within a species can be utilized to investigate how regulatory mechani...

Understanding the ecological consequences of evolutionary change is a central challenge in contemporary biology. We propose a framework based on the ˜25 elements represented in biology, which can serve as a conduit for a general exploration of poorly understood evolution-to-ecology links. In this framework, known as ecological stoichiometry, the quantity of elements in the inorganic realm is a ...

Acid and metalliferous drainage (AMD) occurs when sulphidic minerals, such as arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrite, are exposed to oxygen and water. Climate, geology and mine site practices can have a significant impact on AMD composition. The elemental composition of the AMD can also affect the bacterial community. Our hypothesis was that in the dry season the AMD at two mine sites, Rum Jungl...

The elemental stoichiometry of microalgae reflects their underlying macromolecular composition and influences competitive interactions among species and their role in the food web and biogeochemistry. Here we provide a new estimate of the macromolecular composition of microalgae using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis of data compiled from the literature. The median macromolecular composition of...

The primary requirements for high-biomass-concentration microalgal cultivation include a photon source and distribution, efficient gas exchange and suitable growth medium composition. However, for mass outdoor production of microalgae, growth medium composition is a major controlling factor as most of the other factors such as light source and distribution are virtually uncontrollable. This wor...

Given an unknown multicomponent alloy, and a set of standard compounds or alloys of known composition, can one improve upon popular standards-based methods for energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry to quantify the elemental composition of the unknown specimen? A method is presented here for determining elemental composition of alloys using transmission electron microscopy-based EDX with ap...

Recently, graphical representations of aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) spectra and elemental composition have been developed to explain the oxidative and aging processes of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). It has been shown previously that oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) components from ambient and laboratory data fall within a triangular region in the f44 vs. f43 space, where f44 and f43 are ...

4 Chemical Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 4.1 Elemental Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 4.2 Molecular Size Distribution and Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 4.3 Spectral Absorbance and Fluorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 4.4 Infrared Spectra . . . . ....

OBJECTIVE To determine the microchemical and surface composition of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) plates before and after explantation. SAMPLE POPULATION 7 TPLO plates surgically removed from host dogs 6 to 54 months after implantation; 2 raw unpolished-and-unpassivated 316L TPLO plates; and 2 heat-treated, polished-and-passivated, and cleaned 316L TPLO plates. PROCEDURES Samples...