A 52-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of progressive bilateral lower extremity edema and increasing pain. The patient complained of shortness of breath, productive cough, and rash on the upper extremities and torso for the past year. The patient was afebrile with stable vital signs. She had violet plaques on her upper extremities and torso. She also had severe woody edema with ver...

Elephantiasis is a symptom of a variety of diseases that is characterized by the thickening of the skin and underlying tissues, especially in the legs, male genitals and female breasts. Some conditions having this symptom include: Elephantiasis nostras, due to longstanding chronic lymphangitis; Elephantiasis tropica or lymphatic filariasis, caused by a number of parasitic worms, particularly Wu...

Lymphedema (tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of lymph fluid) in the lower legs is relatively common elderly people. Dermal fibrosis and hyperkeratotic verrucous lesions setting long-standing lymphedema, called elephantiasis verrucosa nostra, can develop some patients, although mechanisms underlying these tissue changes are unknown. Here, we studied effects lymphedema on skin using k-cy...