The genetic pathways that control development of the early mammalian embryo have remained poorly understood, in part because the systematic mutant screens that have been so successful in the identification of genes and pathways that direct embryonic development in Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and zebrafish have not been applied to mammalian embryogenesis. Here we demonstrate that chemica...

In the present study, the relationship between short interfering RNA (siRNA) sequence and RNA interference (RNAi) effect was extensively analyzed using 62 targets of four exogenous and two endogenous genes and three mammalian and Drosophila cells. We present the rules that may govern siRNA sequence preference and in accordance with which highly effective siRNAs essential for systematic mammalia...

background: in this feasibility study, a mechanically loaded in-vitro tissue culture model of joint morphogenesis using the isolated lower extremity of the 8 day old chick embryo was developed to assess the effects of mechanical loading on joint morphogenesis. methods: the developed in-vitro system allows controlled flexion and extension of the chick embryonic knee with a range of motion of 20 ...

Every human being is different based on genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Novel medical technologies have become more precise owing to molecular information, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc. The “omics” technologies have opened up new horizons for healthcare systems, enabling them to prevent and/or diagnose diseases more precisel...

WRKY gene family encodes a large transcription factor that play critical roles in various physiological processes. However, systematic analysis of the has not been reported pecan ( Carya illinoinensis ). In this study, total 89 putative pecan   genes CiWRKYs ), named  CiWRKY1-89 , were identified from whole genome pecan. Most domain sequences CiWRKY proteins “WRKYGQK&r...

Whole genome sequence in mango offers unprecedented opportunities for genomics assisted crop improvement via enabling access to genome-wide genetic markers. In the present study, simple repeats (SSRs) were predicted from of mango. Based on SSR length (? 50 bp), highly-variable SSRs (MSSRs) sorted. A sub-set 129 MSSRs was validated a set 24 diverse genotypes yielding marker validation and polymo...

Seeds are essential for flowering plant reproduction because they protect, nourish, and contain the developing embryo that represents the next sporophytic generation. In addition, seeds contain energy resources that sustain the young sporophyte during germination before photosynthesis begins. In legumes, food reserves stored in embryonic cotyledons make seeds important as a food source for both...

abstract        background and objective: paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). this study aimed to characterize the genome of the map 316f strain.       methods: the map 316f strain was subjected to the pcr-f57 and pcr-is900 experiments in order to ensure its identity as map. this was followed by appl...

High throughput technology has prompted the progressive omics studies, including genomics and transcriptomics. We have reviewed the improvement of comparative omic studies, which are attributed to the high throughput measurement of next generation sequencing technology. Comparative genomics have been successfully applied to evolution analysis while comparative transcriptomics are adopted in com...