Tetrodotoxin is an enigmatic neurotoxin that is found in a wide-variety of organisms. Unfortunately, tetrodotoxin (TTX) toxicity across life-history stages is poorly understood in most organisms. Rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) possess the greatest known quantities of TTX of any organism and numerous studies have begun to elucidate these patterns in this species. We conducted a series o...

tion, where two substances of low toxicity produce greater activity than can be accounted for from the additive effect. The antibiotic concentrations of 300 and 400 ,ug in combination with the cell concentrations within the limits of 5 X 105 to 20 X 105 per chick embryo were considerably more effective in potentiation of embryo death than were the 100 and 200 ug levels of antibiotic combined wi...

At present, the acute toxicity of chemicals to fish is most commonly estimated by means of a short-term test on juvenile or adult animals (OECD TG 203). Although, over the last few years, the numbers used have been reduced due to the implementation of the Three Rs (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement), significant numbers of fish are still used in acute toxicity tests. With the introduction o...

Chemical UV filters are increasingly used in cosmetics to protect skin from radiation. As a consequence, they released into the aquatic environment via recreational activities and wastewaters. In ecosystems, fish eggs contact with sediment can be affected by organic lipophilic pollutants such as filters. The present study aims evaluate toxicity of six individual filters, diethylhexyl butamido t...

Iron chelation therapy using iron (III) specific chelators such as desferrioxamine (DFO, Desferal), deferasirox (Exjade or ICL-670), and deferiprone (Ferriprox or L1) are the current standard of care for the treatment of iron overload. Although each chelator is capable of promoting some degree of iron excretion, these chelators are also associated with a wide range of well documented toxicities...