Audible emergency signals generated by sirens of privileged vehicles should be audible and recognisable by all participants of the traffic. Currently in Poland, A-weighted sound pressure levels of audible emergency signals generated by sirens of privileged vehicles range between 104 and 108 dB. In turn, the A-weighted sound pressure levels measured inside the privileged vehicles may exceed the ...

This paper designs and develops an emergency rescue service for electric vehicles (EVs), which may suffer from the battery depletion during their trips. After building relevant data models on both chargers and EVs, our design defines the interaction among three parties of EV drivers, the rescue server, and rescue vehicles to responsively process the dispatch request and systematically meet the ...

To deliver messages in the VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Network) environment, vehicles are connected by wireless communications. The communications among vehicles is not stable by the vehicle speeds or the surrounding environments of roads. It is required to maintain stable communications between vehicles. In this paper, we modify the WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) communication st...

background prehospital management of gunshot-wounded (gw) patients influences injury-induced morbidity and mortality. objectives to evaluate prehospital management to gw patients emphasizing the protocol of patient transfer to appropriate centers. patients and methods this prospective study, included all gw patients referred to four major, level-i hospitals in mashhad, iran. we evaluated demogr...

The aim of this work is to present a technique for the optimization of emergency vehicles travel times on assigned paths when critical situations, such as car accidents, occur. Using a fluid-dynamic model for the description of car density evolution, the attention is focused on a decentralized approach reducing to simple junctions with two incoming roads and two outgoing ones (junctions of 2 × ...

A typical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is to design the least cost routes for a vehicle fleet to supply goods from inventory to demanding customer locations. In this paper, we are interested in routing vehicles to minimize unmet demand and time delays. An important application of the presented model is to distribute medical supplies to response to large-scale emergencies, such as natural disas...

Warning signals generated by sirens of authorized emergency vehicles should be audible and recognizable to all road users. Currently, there is no legislation in Poland defining sound pressure levels (SPLs) of audible warning signals generated by sirens of authorized emergency vehicles. Measured A-weighted SPLs of those signals range between 104 and 108 dB. While for road users, an audible warni...

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an emerging area of interest for the security community. Due to the scale of the network, the speed of the vehicles, their geographic positions, and the very sporadic connectivity between them, security issues of VANETs are very challenging, especially on how to ensure the authenticity of emergency messages efficiently. In this paper, we propose a secure a...

Accomplishing an effective routing of emergency vehicle will minimize its response time and will thus improve the response performance. Traffic congestion is a critical problem in urban area that influences the travel time of vehicles. The aim of this study is developing a spatial decision support system (SDSS) for emergency vehicle routing. The proposed system is based on integration of geospa...