Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus. Iran is one of the countries affected by the disease. Health center services have a critical role in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. This study with the aim of providing the functions and services of primary health care was performed by a health center in Iran during the COVID-19 outb...

Introduction: Extreme altitude travel has gained popularity globally for adventurous, scientific, and military endeavors. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) at extreme altitude is a rare, covert, and emergent condition requiring immediate intervention. Case Presentation: A case of CVST masqueraded as high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) at 6700 m/22000 ft i...

This article reviews recent progress made by computational studies investigating the emergence, via learning or evolutionary mechanisms, of communication among a collection of agents. This work spans issues related to animal communication and the origins and evolution of language. The studies reviewed show how population size, spatial constraints on agent interactions, and the tasks involved ca...

Inadequate communication repeatedly challenges disaster response, with subsequent adverse effects on coordination. However, emergent cooperative behaviors, including collaborative groups, social links, and social networks, have long been recognized as normative disaster developments. These behaviors are facilitated by existing precrisis social relationships. For example, in 1965, Hurricane Bets...

The conventional computational description of brain operations has to be understood in a metaphorical sense. In this paper arguments supporting the claim that this metaphor is too restrictive are presented. A new metaphor more accurately describing recently discovered emergent characteristics of neuron functionality is proposed and its implications are discussed. A connectionist system fitting ...

To facilitate further research in emergent turn-taking, we propose a metric for evaluating the extent to which agents take turns using a shared resource. Our measure reports a turn-taking value for a particular time and a particular time scale, or ‘resolution,’ in a way that matches intuition. We describe how to evaluate the results of simulations where turn-taking may or may not be present and...