Extramedullary myeloma (EMM) is the presence of clonal plasma cells (PCs) outside the bone marrow in a patient with multiple myeloma (MM). EMM can be present at the time of initial diagnosis (primary EMM) or at the time of relapse (secondary EMM) [1]. EMM has an incidence of 7% to 20% at presentation and 6% to 20% during disease progression [2]. Using sensitive imaging techniques including MRI ...

emm-clusters and-types of the GAS isolates characterized in the study emm-cluster Isolates (n) emm-types (n) Non-typeable 2 Not able to be emm-typed (2)

A long-term goal is to characterize the full range of genetic diversity within Streptococcus pyogenes as it exists in the world today. Since the emm locus is subject to strong diversifying selection, emm type was used as a guide for identifying a genetically diverse set of strains. This report contains a description of multilocus sequence typing based on seven housekeeping loci for 495 isolates...

TO THE EDITOR—A new emm-cluster typing system has been recently proposed for group A Streptococcus (GAS) [1].This system classifies most of the 223 emm types [2] into 48 functional emm clusters containing closely related M proteins that share structural properties. emm clusters help to predict the virulence potential of any GAS isolate by ascribing M protein binding attributes to emm types belo...

INTRODUCTION Scarce data are available on Group A Streptococcus (GAS) antibiotic resistance in South America. METHODOLOGY The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of GAS recovered from symptomatic children living in the central part of Brazil during a prospective epidemiological study were analyzed. RESULTS No isolates were resistant to penicillin or macrolides.  Sixty-one percent of the isol...

Epidemiologic typing of Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) is frequently based on the genotype of the emm gene, which encodes M/Emm protein. In this study, the complete genome sequence of GAS emm3 strain M3-b, isolated from a patient with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), was determined. This strain exhibited 99% identity with other complete genome sequences of emm3 strains MGAS315, SSI-1, a...

In order to clarify the functional role of individual ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal species in the field, we need to relate their abundance and distribution as mycorrhizas to their abundance and distribution as extramatrical mycelium (EMM). We divided each of four 20 cm x 20 cm x 2 cm slices of pine forest soil into 100 cubes of 2 cm x 2 cm. For each cube, ectomycorrhizas were identified and the...

A previously healthy 13-month-old boy developed group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacteremia coinciding with numerous eruptive subcutaneous lesions primarily on his extremities. Skin biopsy revealed infectious panniculitis; gram-positive cocci were present within both fat lobules and septa. Molecular genetic analysis of an isolate from the patient's blood revealed an emm type 4 organism disp...

Beta-hemolytic group C and G streptococci cause a considerable invasive disease burden and sometimes cause disease outbreaks. Little is known about the critical epidemiologic parameter of genetic relatedness between isolates. We determined the emm types of 334 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates, and attempted emm typing of 5 Streptococcus canis isolates from a recent populat...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES A limited number of biotypes, T-types, and emm-types have been found to be associated with invasive isolates of group A streptococci, confirming the involvement of the M protein in virulence and its importance as an epidemiological marker. In this study, the epidemiological markers in the clinical isolates of group A streptococci were compared in invasive and non invasiv...