To say that positive political theory (PPT) scholarship on the hierarchy of justice is theory rich and data poor is to make a rather uncontroversial claim. For over a decade now, scholars have offered intriguing theoretical accounts aimed at understanding why lower courts defy (comply with) higher courts. But only rarely do they subject the accounts to rigorous empirical interrogation. The chie...

In the previous class, we had described a universal learning algorithm, called ERM (Empirical Risk Minimization). Under the ERM principle, we want to learn a function f , and we are promised that this function belongs to the function class H. We are given a training set S, and the ERM algorithm returns a function h ∈ H that minimizes the error on the training sample. That is, h = argming∈H errS...

2 ) converges to zero in probability. Hence, even in the case of multiple minimizers of expected error, as n increases it becomes less and less likely that adding a sample (or a number of samples) to the training set will result in a large jump to a new hypothesis. Moreover, under some assumptions on the entropy of the class, along with an assumption of Komlos-Major-Tusnady type, we derive a po...

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in CCPO Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Repository Citation Hamlington, B. D.; Leben, R. R.; Strassburg, M. W.; and Kim, K.-Y., "Cyclosta...

It is well documented in tourism literature that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the main players that support tourism growth. Refl ectively, the performance of the SMEs has been explored from diff erent aspects. In this paper, critical success factors (CSFs) is the main theoretical framework used to identify and compare the CSFs of small and medium chalets (SMCs) operating along the co...

Given a finite set F of estimators, the problem of aggregation is to construct a new estimator whose risk is as close as possible to the risk of the best estimator in F . It was conjectured that empirical minimization performed in the convex hull of F is an optimal aggregation method, but we show that this conjecture is false. Despite that, we prove that empirical minimization in the convex hul...

Abstract Given a finite set F of estimators, the problem of aggregation is to construct a new estimator that has a risk as close as possible to the risk of the best estimator in F . It was conjectured that empirical minimization performed in the convex hull of F is an optimal aggregation method, but we show that this conjecture is false. Despite that, we prove that empirical minimization in the...

Hume's is/ought distinction has long limited the role of empirical research in ethics, saying that data about what something is cannot yield conclusions about the way things ought to be. However, interest in empirical research in ethics has been growing despite this countervailing principle. We attribute some of this increased interest to a conceptual breakdown of the is/ought distinction. MacI...

1. Some aspects of classical empirical process theory: uniform laws of large numbers, process convergence and uniform central limit theorems. 2. M-estimation. Asymptotic theory of consistency, rates of convergence and limiting distribution. 3. Non-asymptotic theory of penalized empirical risk minimization; nonasymptotic deviation inequalities for suprema of empirical processes, oracle inequalit...