The exposure of cows to a variety endocrine-disrupting chemicals has been linked the development diseases and poses significant concern.

Wildlife and laboratory studies indicate the potential for endocrine-disrupting chemicals to disrupt the reproductive and developmental health of various species. These chemical agents, in turn, effect survivorship and fecundity on vulnerable amniotic species including alligators, fish, otters, and rats. Research has shown devastating effects on certain populations exposed to high concentration...

Large numbers and large quantities of endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been released into the environment since World War II. Many of these chemicals can disturb development of the endocrine system and of the organs that respond to endocrine signals in organisms indirectly exposed during prenatal and/or early postnatal life; effects of exposure during development are permanent and irreversib...

There have been several case studies of the impact of chemical contaminants on birds at the level of individuals or populations. While many of the chemicals involved in these incidents have been classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals or endocrine active substances (EASs) the mechanisms by which these chemicals affect birds are not clearly or fully understood.

Communication on a cellular level--defined as chemical signaling, sensing, and response--is an essential and universal component of all living organisms and the framework that unites all ecosystems. Evolutionarily conserved signaling "webs," existing both within an organism and between organisms, rely on efficient and accurate interpretation of chemical signals by receptors. Therefore, endocrin...