The respiratory tract contains numerous peptides secreted from special pulmonary epithelial cells whichare called endocrine cells. The function of neuroendocrine cells is modulated by amines. Serotonin has strong vasomotor and bronchomotor effects in the airway mucosa. The objective of this study was to determine presence and distribution of serotonin-positive endocrine cells in respiratory tra...

Car- diovascular abnormalities associated with endocrine diseases are often frequent and due to complex relationships between endocrine glands (with internal secretion) and cardiovascular system (heart and vessels). Certain hormones secreted by the endocrine glands (particularly the thyroid and pituitary gland) excesses or deficiencies, are involved in morphogenesis, growth processes and activi...

Our endocrine glands produce hormones, which are like the body’s messengers-they move through bloodstream until they reach their target organ, and then deliver instructions telling that organ exactly how to behave. These “messages” trigger important processes, metabolism, growth, reproduction even mood. Occasionally, in one of glands, a change DNA (known as mutation) causes abnormal cells grow,...

background and objective: endocrine disorders are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd). the aim of the present study is reviewing available literature to give a deep understanding of complexities of endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease. methods: a narrative reviewing method based on the available literature was approached. findings: generally, when renal function decrea...

The current review is informed about the effectiveness of plant-derived functional components that aids in regulation and health endocrine glands. glands include thyroid, adrenal, hypothalamus, pituitary pineal, ovaries testes play vital functions our body such as growth development, metabolism, mood reproduction controlled by hormones. abnormalities are formed various disorders, some major dis...

The endocrine system refers to the cells and tissue that release hormones into the blood. Unlike synaptic chemical communication, which is localized to the target cell, endocrine communication is global. The hormones act on other endocrine glands such as the adrenal gland, ovaries, testes, and others, as well as on the heart, kidneys, muscle, and the brain. Mathematical modeling has been used t...

Normal endocrine function is essential for cardiovascular health. Disorders of the endocrine system, consisting of hormone hyperfunction and hypofunction, have multiple effects on the cardiovascular system. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of disorders of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, with respect to the impact of endocrine dysfun...

The pituitary, adrenal, and other endocrine glands are generally assumed to play a critical, or even indispensable role in the development of ketosis. However, a previous study demonstrated that in the rat neither the hypophysis nor the adrenal Awas essential for ketosis during a prolonged fast (1), although they did influence the magnitude of the ketonemia and recovery therefrom as the fast wa...

Whereas lymph vessels in some endocrine glands have been thoroughly investigated, data on these vessels in human parathyroid glands are often contradictory and deficient in available literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to histomorphologically investigate whether lymph vessels could be found in human parathyroid glands postnatally and, if so, whether their presence was age- and gend...