For all the steps of in vitro fertilization to occur successfully, factors such as the quality of retrieved oocytes and endometrial receptivity to the embryo must be ensured. Current studies have shown that endometrial receptivity can be optimized using dedicated exogenous progesterone for luteal phase support in assisted reproduction cycles. But it has not yet been established the benefits of ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and osteopontin (OPN) are suggested to facilitate angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in endometrial receptivity. Determination of the endometrial microvascular density (MVD) is the commonest method used to indirectly assess the levels of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis; however, the associations among VEGF, OPN and MVD remain unclear. Controlled ovari...

BACKGROUND To compare the expression of receptivity markers in epithelial and stromal cells in the endometrium of ovulatory women and infertile with hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction (HPD), untreated or treated with clomiphene citrate (CC), or with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH). METHODS Twelve control ovulatory and 32 anovulatory women, 22 of whom received ovulation inducti...

Background Endometrial receptivity is one of parameters which determine the reproductive outcome in in vitro fertilization programs. A good blood supply towards the endometrium is usually considered to be an essential requirement for implantation. Blood vessels of the endometrium can be detected by transvaginal color and pulse Doppler sonography. Color Doppler assessment permits better visualiz...

Received: 2/Mar/2008 The success rate of several advanced basic and clinical techniques in the field of mammalian biotechnology, including cloning, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, and assisted reproductive techniques (ART) depends mainly on the success rate of pregnancy following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVFET). The techniques used in ART have advanced considerably since the ...

The endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue empowered with the capacity to undergo cyclic dramatic changes in response to ovarian steroid hormones, ultimately aiming to create a window of receptivity for blastocyst implantation. Intensive research has been performed to understand and establish morphological and molecular correlates of embryo implantation. However, it still remains a biological m...

The success of reproduction, although gradually increasing over the years, many couples also had been left frustrated following repeated failed attempts. Clinicians who treated unsuccessful couples often face a challenge. The probable causes of repeated IVF failures classified as: reduced endometrial receptivity, embryonic defects or multifactorial causes. Intrauterine and endometrial integrity...