PURPOSE A barrier to the acceptance of active surveillance for men with prostate cancer is the risk of underestimating the cancer burden on initial biopsy. We assessed the value of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging in predicting upgrading on confirmatory biopsy in men with low risk prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 388 consecutive men (mean age 60.6 years, range 33 to 89) ...

BACKGROUND In prostate cancer, detection of seminal vesicle involvement is important because it influences the treatment planning and prognosis of the patients. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the value of prostate MRI with endorectal coil in the detection of seminal vesicle involvement in patients with prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total number of 238 biop...

BACKGROUND We evaluate the usefulness of 1H endorectal resonance spectroscopy to characterize prostate pathology. METHODS With an endorectal surface coil we have studied 20 individuals with normal (1), benign hyperplastic (9) and malignant (10) prostates. RESULTS The major findings of our studies were that the patients with cancer have a significantly lower citrate-to-choline ratio (cit/cho...

BACKGROUND Rectovaginal fistulas are rare, and the majority is of traumatic origin. The most common causes are obstetric trauma, local infection, and rectal surgery. This guideline does not cover rectovaginal fistulas that are caused by chronic inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was undertaken. RESULTS Rectovaginal fistula is diagnosed on the basis of ...

The paper presents some specific applications of cubic equations of state (EOS) in Norak Hydro and points out some aspects of such equations that one should be aware of when using them or when developing new equations. Is is emphasized that the use of EOS to calculate vapor-liquid equilibrium is inherently empirical. Activity coefficients predicted’ for some systems by the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (...

The objectives of this presentation are to discuss the clinical role of magnetic resonance (MR) in local and nodal staging of prostate cancer, and to show new developments. The clinical questions are how can we improve with new MR imaging (MRI) techniques: localization, local staging, targeted radiotherapy planning, and nodal staging? Accurate tumour localisation is important for detection of p...

A four-channel phased array consisting of one surface coil, two endorectal coils, and one flexible endourethral loop coil was designed for MRI of the canine prostate. The endorectal coils provide high signal in the posterior region of the prostate, while the endourethral and surface coils are sensitive to the central and anterior regions of the prostate. Gel phantom experiments indicate that th...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) have been shown to be very useful for identifying prostate cancers. For high sensitivity, the MRI/MRSI examination is often acquired with an endorectal probe that may cause a substantial deformation of the prostate and surrounding soft tissues. Such a probe is removed prior to radiation therapy treatment. To re...