one of the routine methods for diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. it is an effective method but is associated with some complications (9.8%) which the most common is pancreatitis (5.4%). one of the rare complications is basket impaction in the common bile duct which is treated with different methods. a 58 years male history of laparoscop...

background recurrent urinary tract infection (uti) due to vesicoureteral reflux (vur) is common in iraq. endoscopic treatment of vur is used with advantages over antibiotic prophylaxis and ureteral reimplantation. objectives this study was performed to assess the efficacy of a new agent, dexell, for treating patients with vur and its ability to manage recurrent uti. materials and methods this r...

Background/Aims The use of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is increasing proportionally with the obesity epidemic. However, some postoperative complications have been highlighted as major problems associated with LAGB. There is no consensus concerning the endoscopic management of these adverse events. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the feasibility and effecti...

benign fibrous histiocytoma is a rare tumor of nose and paranasal sinuses that originates from histiocytes. ‎‎the main symptoms of patients are nasal obstruction and nasal mass. ‎our patient was presented with chief complaints of nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea non responsive to antibiotic treatment. in computed tomography scan a giant mass in left maxillary sinus and ipsilateral nasal cavity ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Despite improvements in surgical techniques and postoperative patient care, bile leakage can occur after hepatobiliary surgery and may lead to serious complications. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic treatment of bile leakage after hepatobiliary surgery. METHODS The medical records of 20 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde ...

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the treatment of esophageal mucosal lesions is associated with a risk of esophageal stenosis, especially for near-circumferential or circumferential esophageal mucosal defects. Here, we review historic and modern studies on the prevention and treatment of esophageal stenosis after ESD. These methods include prevention via pharmacological treatment, end...

context different approaches are routinely applied in the treatment of concomitant cholecystocholedocholithiasis. most patients are treated by preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a two-stage approach. however one-stage approach carrying out intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (ioes) is emerging as a minimally invasive alternative option. our r...

Most patients with early esophageal cancer restricted to the mucosa may be offered endoscopic therapy, which is similarly effective, less invasive and less expensive than esophagectomy. Selection of appropriate relevant treatment and therapy methods should be performed at a specialized center with adequate facilities. The selection of an endoscopic treatment method for high-grade dysplasia and ...

The efficacy and safety of the endoscopic laser therapy for eradication of early cancer in the stomach was revaluated in fourty-eight patients. In 37 of the 42 patients (88%) treated with the laser therapy alone, the procedure was effective and the complete eradication was confirmed at the end of the follow-up period. In seven of fourteen patients with the incomplete treatment, residual cancer ...