this paper is referred to a community of influential and rather elite intellectuals who are influenced by the heideggerian approach in their understanding of iran’s position in the world and its history since the 1950s. the reference is equally to a much larger group of iranian intellectuals in post-revolutionary iran, some embrace heideggerian thoughts from a religious perspective, and others ...

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797), attributing a particular importance to “woman” -in the narrow senseand to all oppressed groups -in the broad sense-, has a peculiar position in the history of political thoughts. Taking a position different from the modern male thinkers in her era, she expanded such ideas as “reason”, “natural rights”, “social contract” towards relations between genders and patr...

Intellectuals have been engaged in public life since antiquity: from Biblical prophets down to figures such as Machiavelli, Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and other Enlightenment later thinkers. This article focuses on the work of Johannes Reuchlin (1455–1522). Its primary source is Reuchlin’s Expert Opinion Whether Confiscate, Destroy Burn All Jewish Books (Ratschlag Ob Man Den Juden ...

European perceptions of the Islamic Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth century have often been read through the prism of Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws (1748). His ‘moral geography’ depicted a despotic and decayed Islamic Ottoman polity in contrast to the dynamism displayed in European states. Montesquieu’s comparisons and contrasts between the Ottoman East and Europe appear to support Edwa...

Article history: Received 11 August 2014 Received in revised form 13 May 2015 Accepted 15 May 2015 Available online 10 June 2015 The transition to a low carbon and sustainable economy represents a major transformation that can only be compared to one other comprehensive transition in modern human history: the industrial revolution. Like the low-carbon transformation, the process of industrialis...

Abstract This article makes a case that disability, particularly visual, hearing, and speech impairments, played significant role in Scottish Enlightenment thought. Focusing on the work of Dugald Stewart, particular his essay ‘Some account boy born blind deaf’, we argue disability was deep preoccupation thinkers who used it as test for various important philosophical questions including those c...