After heavy rainfalls in late Apr. of 2010 in Tehran, an epizootic occurred amongst hoverflies (Eupeodes corollae Fabricius) population in green spaces of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, caused by an entomopathogenic fungus. Infected flies fixed to the upper parts of whitetop (Lepidium draba L.) and small tumbleweed mustard (Sisymbrium loeslii L.) plants with their proboscis and...

Parasites modify their host's appearance, behaviour and physiology to a certain extent. Many of these modifications are seen as purposefully manipulative, serving the parasite's interest. Endgames particularly intriguing, where development requires death. ‘Summit’ or ‘treetop’ disease is one such spectacular examples parasite-induced death: host dies attached an elevated part vegetation. organi...

Seasonal abundance of the strawberry aphid complex under different agronomic practices in the outskirts of La Plata, Argentina was studied on strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne (Rosales: Rosaceae). Aphid densities were low in strawberry fields in which insecticides and fungicides were used. In addition to Aphis gossypii, Aphis fabae, Mysus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae, the aphid, C...