Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease of unclear etiology. It is a chronic, progressive condition that causes intrahepatic ductal destruction ultimately leading to symptoms of cholestasis, cirrhosis and liver failure. The disease predominantly affects middle aged Caucasian women. It has a predilection to certain regions and is found in higher incidences in North America and N...

The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been intensively studied. It is conceptualised as a complex disease in which genetic and environmental factors act together to cause disease. There are temporal and geographic variations in disease risk, and risk of disease may be affected by migration between regions of differing risk. Numerous potential causal factors including infection, immuni...

OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) likely results from an interaction between genetic and exogenous factors. While genetics shapes the overall population MS susceptibility, observed epidemiological patterns strongly suggest a role for the environment in disease initiation and modulation. RESULTS Findings from studies on seasonality in MS patients' birth, disease onset and exacerbations, as we...

The vast majority of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is etiologically multifactorial, with important contributions from both genetic and environmental determinants. Very few cases of PD can be attributed to single gene disorders (1–5). For PD without single gene Mendelian inheritance, relative risks as high as 14 for first-degree relatives of PD cases have been reported (6), but most studies have foun...

iii Glossary iv Kort sammanfattning på svenska v Miljöfaktorers betydelse för multipel skleros v Background 1 Multiple sclerosis overview 1 Pathogenesis, clinical and para-clinical features 2 Sub-types 3 Establishing a multiple sclerosis diagnosis 3 Treatment 4 Epidemiology and risk factors 5 Background 5 Epstein-Barr virus 6 Smoking 7 Season of birth 8 Vitamin D 8 Vitamin A 9 The genes 10 Spec...

this research was undertaken to evaluate and determine the risk of gas fluids and leakage of persian gulf star refinery on the environment in bandar abbas. through collection and compilation of research findings, we attempted to identify and work on factors leading to environmental risks. the risk factors were identified by hazop team and the risk score was calculated by multiplying the probabi...

[no abstract available]

Background: Infertility with the prevalence of 15% is one of the main problems of the society. Preventing job injuries is one of the priorities of public health. Approximately 50% of total cases of infertility and subfertility is related to male. Some of the factors that affect male infertility are environmental. It is very difficult to ascertain the precise cause, but it seems that apart from ...

the purpose of this research was to study deterrent factors for entrepreneurship in relation with personality and environmental characteristics for graduates of agriculture. the statistical population of the research is composed of graduates (n=98) have been able to establish a business in the field of agricultural production, in boushehr province (one of the southern provinces of iran). validi...