the normal and lateral line cycloid scales of the native species garra rossica (nikol’skii, 1900), one of the most common and poorly known cyprinid fish in south-eastern iran have been subjected to the scanning electron microscopy technique in order to study their detailed structure. normal scale below the dorsal fin showed a clearcut demonstration between the anterior and posterior region with...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the light and electron microscopic structure of the tongue in white-eared bulbul (pycnonotus leucotis). six adult white-eared bulbul (3 males and 3 females) in shahrekord district were used in the investigation. samples of the apex, body and root of the tongue were prepared routinely for light and electron microscopic study. results showed that th...

introduction: bacteria and their byproducts are major etiologic factors in endodontic diseases. prevention or reduction of root canal bacterial contamination is the main aim of endodontic treatment. the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of size and taper of master apical file (maf) in reducing bacteria from the apical third of the curved canals using a quantitative scann...

introduction: in this experimental study, the amount of smear layer (sl) remnants in curved root canals after chemomechanical instrumentation with two engine-driven systems or hand instrumentation was evaluated. methods and materials: forty-eight mesiobuccal roots of mandibular first molars with curvatures ranging between 25 and 35 degrees (according to schneider’s method) were divided into thr...

in this research, the effect of catalyst type on the cnts synthesis was investigated. the carbonnanotubes (cnts) were produced on stainless steel substrates and two of catalyst with differentcharacteristics by using thermal chemical vapor deposition (tcvd) method. the catalysts have theimportant role for the growth carbon nanotubes (cnts). acetylene gas (c2h2) diluted by nh3 wasused as the reac...

in recent years, it has become evident that it is necessary to systematically and accurately define particle characteristics in order to understand the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to biological systems. the properties that need to be emphasized are size, shape, dispersion, doping, aggregation, functionalization, physical and chemical properties, surface area, and surface chemistry. rout...

introduction: the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of 10% citric acid and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) irrigating solutions on the surface morphology of young and old root dentin by determining the number and diameter of dentinal tubules using scanning electron microscopy (sem). methods and materials: fifty healthy human teeth collected from young (≤30 years) ...

introduction: the present study evaluated the element distribution in completely set calcium-enriched mixture (cem) cement after application of 35% carbamide peroxide, 40% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate as commercial bleaching agents using an energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis (edx) system. the surface structure was also observed using the scanning electron microscope (sem). methods ...