abstract background: clients that be hospitalized in intensive care units were not able to protected cornea and eye dry due to keratopathy. the aim of study was to comparing the effectiveness of three methods of eye care in health of cornea in critically ill patients in kermanshah intensive care unites 2013. methods: these clinical trials were done with 96 samples in three. three methods care (...

BACKGROUND Clinical decision making is a fundamental aspect of nurses' clinical practice and has a direct impact on the health and well-being of each patient. METHOD An exploratory analysis of the concept of clinical decision making in nursing will be provided from the two predominant theoretical perspectives: the systematic-positivist model and the intuitive-humanistic model. The origin, aim...

In the past, few mainstream epistemologists have endorsed Bayesian epistemology, feeling that it fails to capture the complex structure of epistemic cognition. The defenders of Bayesian epistemology have tended to be probability theorists rather than epistemologists, and I have always suspected they were more attracted by its mathematical elegance than its epistemological realism. But recently ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prior research results indicate a relationship between medical epistemology (ie, how a physician organizes and prioritizes the biological and psychosocial data of a patient presentation) and stress reactions to uncertainty among primary care physicians. However, little is known about when this relationship forms. The purpose of this study was to begin answering this qu...

The purpose of the current study was to compare the use of virtual discussion boards in various educational settings in the United States and Costa Rica. Participants included professors of education, in-service and pre-service teachers in the United States and Costa Rica where a survey was used that included demographic, knowledge, attitude, and behavioral questions regarding the use of virtua...

This article is written in response to a recent report on a review of teacher education in Scotland undertaken by Graham Donaldson (2011). In particular it questions the recommendation that engaging teachers in professional enquiry and research-informed teaching is the way forward for developing the professional capabilities required of “21 Century teachers”. The report reflects an increasing e...

Gunver S. Kienle, MD, Institute for Applied Epistemology and Medical Methodology, Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Germany. Harald J. Hamre, MD, Clinical Research Department, Institute for Applied Epistemology and Medical Methodology, Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Germany. Emanuela Portalupi, MD, Medico Oncologo, ARESMA, Milano, Italy. Helmut Kiene, MD, Institute for Applied Epistemology and Medical Methodolo...

This paper begins with an introduction to four different prominent versions of process reliabilism about knowledge, namely, the simple K-reliabilism, John Greco’s robust virtue epistemology, Duncan Pritchard’s anti-luck virtue epistemology, and the Goldmanian Kreliabilism. Its main objective is to offer a counterexample, namely, the fewer barn façades case, to the anti-luck virtue epistemology,...