Using intracellular recording, we studied how several muscarinic antagonists affected the evoked endplate potentials in singly and dually innervated endplates of the levator auris longus muscle from 3 to 6-day-old rats. In dually innervated fibers, a second endplate potential (EPP) may appear after the first one when we increase the stimulation intensity. The lowest and highest EPP amplitudes a...

The achievable rate region and degrees of freedom are studied for interference channels with confidential messages under strong secrecy constraints. The problem is studied based on the framework of Han and Verdú’s channel resolvability theory. It is shown that if the random binning rate for securing a confidential message is slightly above the resolution of its corresponding wiretapped channel,...

Research was conducted to analytically investigate the blast-response and behavior of multihazard-resistant bridge piers having circular-shaped, concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns. Two different analysis methods, namely a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) dynamic analysis and a fiber-based dynamic analysis, were used for this purpose and calibrated with the maximum residual deformations ob...

The first and second moments of response variables for SDOF system with pseudoelastic material are obtained by a direct linearization procedure. This procedure is an adaptation of well-known statistical linearization methods, and provides concise, model-independent linearization coefficients. The method can be applied to systems that incorporate any SMA hysteresis model having a differential co...

Seeking out extra-pair paternity (EPP) is a viable reproductive strategy for females in many pair-bonded species. Across human societies, women commonly engage in extra-marital affairs, suggesting this strategy may also be an important part of women's reproductive decision-making. Here, I show that among the Himba 17 per cent of all recorded marital births are attributed by women to EPP, and EP...

Dynamic behaviors of polymer chains adsorbed on an attractive, homogeneous surface are studied by using dynamic Monte Carlo simulations. The translational diffusion coefficient Dxy parallel to the surface decreases as the intra-polymer attraction strength EPP or the polymer-surface attraction strength EPS increases. The rotational relaxation time τR increases with EPS, but the dependence of τR ...

Mutations resulting in diminished activity of the dimeric enzyme ferrochelatase are a prerequisite for the inherited disorder erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Patients with clinical EPP have only 10% to 30% of normal levels of ferrochelatase activity, and although many patients with EPP have one mutant allele and one “low-expression” normal allele, the possibility remains that, for some, lo...

Mating systems can vary among species and populations and thus influence evolutionary trajectories, ecological traits, and population demography. The siring of offspring by an extrapair male, or extrapair paternity (EPP), is a widespread and varied phenomenon in all vertebrate classes. However, we do not understand all of the factors associated with variation in EPP rates. The breeding synchron...

Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and pleurectomy are the surgical procedures for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma. However, EPP increases the risk for postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF). We conducted a retrospective chart review of 130 patients who underwent EPP or pleurectomy. Seventy patients (excluding three patients with a prior history of AF) underwent EPP and 57 patients underwen...

OBJECTIVES Early prenatal interview (Entretien prénatal précoce [EPP]) is aimed at defining with couples their physical, psychological and social needs during perinatal period. Antenatal education for childbirth and parenthood (Préparation à la naissance et à la parentalité [PNP]) is aimed at promoting global perinatal health. The objective was to identify the psychological, demographic and obs...