We introduce a continuous time-reversal operation which connects the time-forward and time-reversed trajectories in steady state of an irreversible Markovian dynamics via family stochastic dynamics. This time reversal allows us to derive tighter version thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) involving observables evaluated relative their local mean value. Moreover, realizing contains equilibr...

In a 1981 book, H. Putnam claimed that in a pure relational language without equality, for any model of a relation that was neither empty nor full, there was another model that satisses the same rst order sentences. Ed Keenan observed that this was false for nite models since equality is a deenable predicate in such cases. This note shows that Putnam's claim is true for innnite models, although...

We propose a uniied framework in which to treat semantic underspeciication and parallelism phenomena in discourse. The framework employs a constraint language that can express equality and subtree relations between nite trees. In addition, our constraint language can express the equality up-to relation over trees which captures parallelism between them. The constraints are solved by context uni...

The E-Resolut ion inference p r i n c i p l e described in t h i s paper is a s ing le in fe rence l og i c system f o r the f i r s t o r d e r predicate ca lcu lus w i t h equality. Special axioms f o r equa l i t y ( i . e . , axioms f o r symmetry, r e f l e x i v i t y , t r a n s i t i v i t y , and s u b s t i t u t i v i t y ) are not requi red to be added to the o r i g i n a l set of ...

Social survey data is essential to measuring equality, to assessing change over time and to the evaluation of the impact of new policies. In this article, we identified and evaluated the survey evidence for assessing equality in relation to sexual orientation in the UK. We reviewed the available survey data in relation to key policy areas such as criminal justice, employment and health. Our ana...

extended abstract 1.introduction relationship pattern has a complex, combinational and also intelligible nature in the current geopolitical structure of the world. civilizations’ relations together and civilization interactions include: engagement, competition and conflict in a range of geopolitical treatment pattern. some of spatial values which originated challenges among region country have ...

international experiences reveal that promotion of gender equality paves the way for developmental achievements in a way that it ensures equal living standards and human rights for all individuals. nowadays gender equality is not only one of the principles of human rights but is emphasized for alleviating poverty, upgrading living standards and stabilizing economy. the relation between democrac...

We validate experimentally a fluctuation relation known as generalized Jarzynski equality governing the work distribution in a feedback-controlled system. The feedback control is performed on a single electron box analogously to the original Szilard engine. In the generalized Jarzynski equality, mutual information is treated on an equal footing with the thermodynamic work. Our measurements prov...

Park et al. (2011) introduced the concept of generalized intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets, which can be seen as an effective mathematical tool to deal with uncertainties. In this paper, the concept of generalized intuitionistic fuzzy soft equality is introduced and some related properties are derived. It is proved that generalized intuitionistic fuzzy soft equality is congruence relation with res...