We provide a spectrum of results for the Universal Guard Problem, in which one is to obtain a small set of points (“guards”) that are “universal” in their ability to guard any of a set of possible polygonal domains in the plane. We give upper and lower bounds on the number of universal guards that are always sufficient to guard all polygons having a given set of n vertices, or to guard all poly...

stomatal closure are accompanied by cytosolic alkalization in guard cells. However, it remains to be clarifi ed how the alkalization functions in not only ABA signaling but also MeJA. We investigated cytosolic alkalization in guard cells during ABA-, MeJAand Ca 2 + -induced stomatal closure of wild type, abi1-1 , abi2-1 , ost1-2 and coi1 using a pHsensitive fl uorescent dye, BCECF-AM. ABA induc...

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The mechanism for picking guards in Tor suffers from security problems like guard fingerprinting and from performance issues. To address these issues, Hayes and Danezis proposed the use of guard sets, in which the Tor system groups all guards into sets, and each client picks one of these sets and uses its guards. Unfortunately, guard sets frequently need nodes added or they are broken up due to...

The modulation of guard cell function is the basis of stomatal closure, essential for optimizing water use and CO2 uptake by leaves. Nitric oxide (NO) in guard cells plays a very important role as a secondary messenger during stomatal closure induced by effectors, including hormones. For example, exposure to abscisic acid (ABA) triggers a marked increase in NO of guard cells, well before stomat...

The usual approach to mitigate multiple access interference (MAI) in the uplink of cellular OFDMA based systems is to use relatively large cyclic prefixes as time domain guard periods. In this paper, we suggest to use a combination of short time domain guard periods and frequency domain guard bands to protect against MAI instead. Guard bands can be added and removed as necessary and, thus, incr...

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Suppose that you are competing in a two-player game in which you and your opponent attempt to pack as many “prisoners” as possible on the squares of an n×n checkerboard; each prisoner has to be “protected” by an appropriate number of guards. Initially, the board is covered entirely with guards. The players – designated as “red” and “blue” – take turns adjusting the board configuration using one...

This paper investigates the performance of digital pulse interval modulation (DPIM) in the presence of multipath propagation and additive white Gaussian noise. To combat intersymbol interference (ISI) guard slots and a non-linear equaliser have been introduced. The average optical power requirements (AOPR) due to ISI for cases with/without guard slots and with equaliser are analysed using a cei...

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