The present paper is about the species composition, diversity, equitability, richness and concentration of dominance of tree species along an altitudinal gradient of District Dir Lower Hindukush range of Pakistan. A total of 15 stands in Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A.D forests were analyzed at an elevation of 1370m to 1670m asl. The vegetation analysis showed that a total of six tree species ex...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the zooplankton community at six reservoirs in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil). Zooplankton assemblages were identified using current literature and quantitatively analysed under a microscope and stereomicroscope. Concurrently to the sampling of zooplanktonic and phytoplanktonic communities, in situ measurements of abiotic variables, such as wate...

We study collaboration among selfish agents in the air traffic management domain, in particular in the tactical airport planning domain. Collaboration can be seen as a social exchange scenario, in which the efforts of performing tasks are the resources that are being exchanged. We investigate the use of money as a facilitator for distributed social exchange. We give conditions under which a mar...

Hymenopteran parasitoids are insects that play a fundamental role in ecosystems as they reduce the population density of considered pests monocultures. However, little is known about fauna association to eucalyptus trees comparison adjacent native vegetations. Therefore, this study was aimed determine parasitoid wasps occur commercial plantation Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake, well forest and ...

In the forecasting of binary events, verification measures that are ‘‘equitable’’ were defined by Gandin and Murphy to satisfy two requirements: 1) they award all random forecasting systems, including those that always issue the same forecast, the same expected score (typically zero), and 2) they are expressible as the linear weighted sum of the elements of the contingency table, where the weig...

For high-dimensional data sets, it is common to evaluate a measure of dependence onevery variable pair and retain the highest-scoring pairs for follow-up. If the statistic usedsystematically assigns higher scores to some relationship types (e.g., linear, exponential,etc.) over others, important relationships may be overlooked because of their type. Thisdifficulty is avoided ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.11.005 0003-3472/© 2016 The Authors. Published on behalf license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) In multimale multifemale primate groups, the strength and stability of affiliative relationships have been shown to affect an individual's long-term fitness such as offspring survival and longevity. Studies investigating the fitness benefits of ...

The Chironomidae (Diptera: Insecta) have a high species richness, with species adapted to live under widely different environmental conditions. The study of the taxonomic composition of chironomid larvae and the percentage of occurrence of deformities in mouthparts, mainly in the mentum, are used in biomonitoring programmes in order to obtain information on the levels of organic and chemical po...