PURPOSE Identification of risk factors for accommodative esotropia may help to determine which children with hyperopia may benefit from early spectacle correction or preventive therapy. METHODS Participants in the family history study were 95 consecutive patients, aged 18 to 60 months, with accommodative esotropia. Participants in the binocular sensory function study were a subgroup of 41 chi...

BACKGROUD To evaluate the manifestations of increased esodeviation under cycloplegia with 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine in children with hyperopia and esotropia. METHODS We reviewed the medical record of 34 children with hyperopia and esotropia who underwent a prism alternate cover test before and after instillation of mixed eye drops containing 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephri...

Aim: To report the alignment, visual outcome and surgical strategy for severe bilateral congenital esotropia caused by a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder (CCDD). This was successfully treated with a combination of interventions that included alternate occlusion, botulinum toxin, and conventional and augmented transposition procedures. Methods: A girl presented at 2 months of age with ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To report on the outcomes of treating children with a persistent esotropia with an injection of botulinum toxin in a medial rectus muscle. PATIENTS AND METHODS The medical records were reviewed of all children at one institution with a persistent esotropia after bilateral medial rectus recessions and bilateral lateral rectus resections then treated with a botulinum toxi...

PURPOSE To compare and evaluate the efficacy of two different surgical techniques for the treatment of near-distance disparity esotropia; combined resection-recession and recession-retroequatorial myopexy of medial rectus muscles. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study included 28 patients diagnosed with convergence excess esotropia who had worn their full cycloplegic refraction and/or b...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of unilateral lateral rectus muscle advancement surgery based on one-fourth of the angle of consecutive esotropia within 25 prism diopters (PD) occurring after bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession for intermittent exotropia. METHODS Medical records of 11 patients who underwent unilateral lateral rectus muscle advancement for consecutive esotropia from ...

PURPOSE Previous studies of accommodative esotropia have been hampered by bias-prone methods of data collection and analysis and by small sample size. The studies have conflicting conclusions, causing uncertain results. This study aims to determine long-term results of standard treatment of accommodative esotropia and identify predictors of outcome, while minimizing bias in data collection and ...

Abstract Background Postoperative ocular imbalance is an important problem for orbital decompression surgery in thyroid eye disease (TED). The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes unilateral deviation and duction following discuss biomechanics imbalance. Methods Fifty-four TED patients who underwent were included. Fifteen 1-wall (deep lateral wall) decompression, 18 2-wall medial 21 3-...

A standard set of clinical prism and cover tests and a recently developed photographic method were used to assess binocular alignment in ten monkeys that previously were determined to have a naturally occurring infantile strabismus. Extensive measurements of the alignment state were made for fixation attempts throughout the field of gaze. Patterns of alignment errors were examined in an attempt...