After the Civil War wages fell in the South relative to the non-South, but interest rates and othermeasures of the costs of capital increased.Using archival data formanufacturing establishments, we show that capital–output and capital–labor ratios in southernmanufacturing declined relative to non-southern manufacturing after the War, precisely in the direction implied by the regional shifts in ...

The purpose of this paper is to outline the leading role the Electrical Engineering Department at Manchester played in the early development of control engineering teaching and research in the UK after the war. The holding of a major UK conference in Control Engineering in Manchester roughly 60 years after the start of this work seems an appropriate time to remind today’s researchers of these e...

this paper deals with the philosophical aspects of nationalism and pan-islamism in view of dr. muhammad iqbal, a great poet and philosopher of sub-continent. the paper examines in an analytical way, how iqbal’s concept of nationalism is different from western brand of nationalism and coincided with jamal-u-din afghani’s ideal of pan-islamism. the paper discusses how iqbal reconciled his ideal w...

Olgierd Narkiewicz was a descendant of Samogitian nobility, whose family seat was the ancestral property Szołpiany located in Taurage County of Lithuania that is well known to Polish readers of Sienkiewicz's " Trilogy ". It was the Narkiewicz family's habitat since sixteenth century. Olgierd Narkiewicz was born to Anna Umiastowska and Dr Adolf Narkiewicz, a well-to-do medical doctor. His father...

World War One (WWI) brought enormous losses to entire Europe. Eight million soldiers lost their lives and 7 million suffered untreatable injuries and were forced to spend the rest of their lives living with disability. Germany lost 15.1% of their active male population. It can be said that after the Great War, Europe was unrecognizable. It is hard to say whether people could even comprehend the...