background and objectives: tree nuts and their oils contain bioactive materials which have vital roles in improving human’s health. degradation and decreasing the quality of the nuts especially in almond which have high fat is related to the oxidation. the quality of stored almond depends mainly on the kernel moisture and fat , storage temperature, relative humidity, oxygen level, type of packa...

Thomas’ conjecture is, given monic polynomials p1, . . . , pd ∈ Z[a] with 0 < deg p1 < · · · < deg pd, then the Thue equation (over the rational integers) (X − p1(a)Y ) · · · (X − pd(a)Y ) + Y d = 1 has only trivial solutions, provided a ≥ a0 with effective computable a0. We consider a function field analogue of Thomas’ conjecture in case of degree d = 3. Moreover we find a counterexample to Th...

To study the effects of environmental enrichment on physiological responses to stressors and behavior in growing pigs, pigs were housed in either a poor environment (standard farrowing pens followed by standard rearing and fattening pens) or in an enriched environment (larger farrowing pens followed by larger rearing and fattening pens, provision of straw). Body temperature, heart rate and sali...

Landing behavior is one of the most critical, yet least studied, aspects of insect flight. In order to land safely, an insect must recognize a visual feature, navigate towards it, decelerate, and extend its legs in preparation for touchdown. Although previous studies have focused on the visual stimuli that trigger these different components, the complete sequence has not been systematically stu...

Let (M, deg) be a cancellative monoid M equipped with a discrete degree map deg :M →R≥0, and let PM,deg(t) := ∑ u∈M/∼t deg(u) be its generating series, called the growth function of M . We show the inversion formula PM,deg(t) ·NM,deg(t) = 1 where the second factor of the formula is given by NM,deg(t) := 1 + ∑ T∈Tmcm(M,I0)(−1) #J1+···+#Jn−n+1 ∑ ∆∈|T | t , which we call the skew-growth function o...

An orientational difference of only 0.3-0.5 deg can be discriminated between two gratings or two lines, although psychophysical channels and cortical cells both have comparatively broad orientation bandwidths of 10-25 deg. One proposed explanation for the fineness of orientation discrimination is that, while detection is determined by the most excited orientation-tuned neural elements, superthr...

Alternate proof. Using a bit of differential topology (or a more geometric construction along the lines of Hatcher § 4.1 Exercise 15), consider the degree of a smooth map f : S → S. Since every homotopy class [f ] contains a smooth representative, and all such maps have the same degree (i.e. degree is a homotopy invariant), this defines a function deg : πn(S )→ Z. One readily shows that deg is ...

To escape competition at the dung pile, a ball-rolling dung beetle forms a piece of dung into a ball and rolls it away. To ensure their efficient escape from the dung pile, beetles rely on a 'celestial compass' to move along a straight path. Here, we analyzed the reliability of different skylight cues for this compass and found that dung beetles rely not only on the sun but also on the skylight...