Quantum dynamics of driven open systems should be compatible with both quantum mechanic and thermodynamic principles. By formulating the principles in terms a set postulates we obtain thermodynamically consistent master equation. Following an axiomatic approach, base analysis on autonomous description, incorporating drive as large transient control system. In appropriate physical limit, derive ...

Points out that a twofold infinity characterises the design of classification — the infinity in the diverse purposes of the readers and that in the dimensions of the universe of subjects. Illustrates the risk in basing the design of classification on conjecture and suggests basing it on the results of a sound statistical study. With the aid of the analogy of roots of flames shows an alternative...

There is a widespread opinion among ecologists that ecology lacks general laws. In this paper the author argues that this opinion is mistaken. Taking the case of population dynamics, the author points out that there are several very general law-like propositions that provide the theoretical basis for most population dynamics models that were developed to address specific issues. Some of these f...

Antidepressants increased the risk compared to placebo of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. Anyone considering the use of [insert established name] or any other antidepressant in a child, adolescent, or young adult must balance this risk with the clinic...

S pecific etiology was one of the most powerful and productive ideas in the entire history of medicine. Replacing a shadowy intellectual landscape of humors and miasmata with the notion that particular diseases had particular causes, it marked the beginning of the end for both diagnostic imprecision and clinical impotence. Within the domain we now recognize as microbiology, the prime mover was,...

Argumentation theory has become an important topic in the field of AI. The ba-sic idea is to construct arguments in favor and against a statement, to select the“acceptable” ones and, finally, to determine whether the original statement can beaccepted or not. Several argumentation systems have been proposed in the literature. Some ofthem, the so-called rule-based systems, use a p...