objective(s): targeting the neuropeptide systems has been shown to be useful for the development of more effective antipsychotic drugs. neurotensin, an endogenous neuropeptide, appears to be involved in the mechanism of action of antipsychotics. however, the available data provide conflicting results and the mechanism(s) by which antipsychotics affect brain neurotensin neurotransmission have no...

background hymenodictyon excelsum is a medicinal plant traditionally used for tumor treatment as it contains phytochemicals of anthraquinone and coumarin class. objectives the aim of the present study was to unfold the therapeutic value of selected phytocompounds of hymenodictyon excelsum in prostate cancer. materials and methods eight phytochemicals were selected based on the literature search...

the importance of the role played by bacteria in the pathogenesis of pulpal and apical disease has been established. one of the characteristics of apical periodontitis is apical bone resorption, which is due to apical immune response to bacterial infection. recently, novel bacterial complex lipid called phosphorylated dihydroceramides has been discovered to be of inflammatory activators. the ba...

background: chemokine receptors have been shown to play an important role in the development and metastatic spread of various malignancies. in this study, the gene expression profile of some key chemokine receptors involved in metastasis has been investigated in esophageal and breast cancer cell lines.   methods: in a descriptive study, gene expression profile of ccr1, ccr6, ccr7, ccr9, cxcr1, ...

introduction:adenosine as a potent vasodilator has physiological role in regulation of regional cerebral blood flow (rcbf). metod: laser-dِoppler flowmetry technique was used to study pial vessels blood flow responses to adenosine receptors agonists and antagonist. male sprague dawley rats (250-350g) that were housed in standard conditions, were anesthetized with urethane (1.5g/kg). adenosine (g...

introduction: morphine withdrawal syndrome is mediated via several central and peripheral neurological pathways. in the present study we investigated the role of n-methyl-d aspartic acid (nmda) glutamate receptor on naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome in morphine-conditioned mice. materials and methods: we designed two separate experiments. in experiment one, 30 male nmri mice were divided int...

results celecoxib reduced the pain behavior in both phases of the formalin test, but this antinociceptive effect was a dose-dependent manner in the late phase. rimonabant alone induced hyperalgesia as compared with the control group and pretreatment of rats with rimonabant reversed the analgesic activity of celecoxib. conclusions antinociceptive effect of celecoxib may be mediated partly throug...

it has been suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in genes involved in toll-like receptors (tlrs) pathway may exhibit broad effects on function of this network and might contribute to a range of human diseases. however, the extent to which these variations affect tlr signaling is not well understood. in this study, we adopted a bioinformatics approach to predict the consequences...

intraperitoneal (ip) injection of bupropion (3,6, amine (4,16 mg kg•&apos;) induced dose-dependent climbing in mice. the climbing response induced by both drugs were decreased in animals pretreated either with the 0-1 antagonist sch 233<)0 or the 0-2 antagonist sulpiride. the α-adrenoceptor blocker phenoxybenzamine decreased the climbing induced by both bupropion and amphetamine, but the β-adre...

Receptor disorders may produce specific clinical manifestations resembling hypo-or hyper-function of related endocrine gland. Receptor disorders can be divided into five categories: 1)Altered receptor concentration exists in insulin resistance seen in obsity, familial hypercholes­terolemia and in testicular feminization. 2) Altered receptor affinity can be seen in fasted obese patients, acromeg...