INTRODUCTION The role of ovarian hormones and nitric oxide in learning and memory has been widely investigated. OBJECTIVE The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N (G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), on the ability of estradiol to improve learning in OVX rats using the Morris water maze. METHODS Forty rats were divided i...

In the age of broad medical options, women’s health has received sufficient attention. The different periods a woman’s life are characterised by specific physiological changes, based on age-related characteristics reproductive system. onset menopause can have negative impact in varying degrees. Clinicians clear understanding effects estrogen deficiency and therapeutic options for managing it wi...

OBJECTIVE In this study, the effects of estradiol valerate and raloxifenea selective estrogen receptor modulator; (SERM) on morphine induced sensitization were examined in mice memory, according to the step-down passive avoidance task. METHOD The mice received morphine or estradiol and raloxifene for three days alone or in combination with morphine. After a drug free period of 5 days, the sub...

abstract background: “polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction”. “autonomic and central nervous systems play important roles in the regulation of ovarian physiology”. the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (lc) plays a central role in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system and synaptically connected to the ...

Previous studies suggested that estrogen plays a role in cognitive function by modulating the cholinergic transmission. However, most of the studies dealing with this subject have been conducted using ovariectomized rats. In the present study we evaluated the effects of physiological and supra-physiological variation of estrogen levels on scopolamine-induced amnesia in gonadally intact female r...

BACKGROUND "Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction". "Autonomic and central nervous systems play important roles in the regulation of ovarian physiology". The noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) plays a central role in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system and synaptically connected to the preganglio...