Many countries in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA) are in an economic recession. It is acknowledged that a recession or economic crisis can have an effect on the population’s health, especially with respect to infectious diseases [1]. There are two main mechanisms through which an economic crisis can have an effect on infectious diseases. Firstly, if due to a decreas...

This Article discusses the historic course of recent events insofar as it first describes the Maglite decision of the European Free Trade Association Court. Second, it summarizes the opinion of the Advocate General and the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Communities in the Silhouette case. Part III focuses on the development of the law in the European Union (”EU”) and European ...

Abstract Objectives Surveillance of antibiotic consumption in the community is utmost importance to inform and evaluate control strategies. Data on two decades were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries. This article reviews temporal trends presence abrupt changes subgroups relevance antimicrobial stewardship. Methods For period 1997–2017, data yearly community, aggregated...

European Union countries have implemented widespread reforms to product markets in order to stimulate competition, innovation and economic growth. We provide empirical evidence that the reforms carried out under the EU Single Market Programme (SMP) were associated with increased product market competition, as measured by a reduction in average profitability, and with a subsequent increase in in...

In March 2000, the European Commission presented a Green Paper on greenhouse gas emissions trading within Europe, supporting implementation of a Community-wide scheme in which the design and regulation of all essential elements would be harmonized at the Community level. The present paper analyzes economic arguments used to justify such a coordinated scenario, showing these arguments to be base...