Negative trends in the monthly MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time-series were found to be widespread in natural (non-cropland) ecosystems of the eastern United States from 2000 to 2010. Four sub-regions were detected with significant declines in summed growing season (May-September) EVI, namely the Upper Great Lakes, the Southern Appalachi...

We report three experiments investigating the hypothesis that use of internal visual imagery (IVI) would be superior to external visual imagery (EVI) for the performance of different slalom-based motor tasks. In Experiment 1, three groups of participants (IVI, EVI, and a control group) performed a driving-simulation slalom task. The IVI group achieved significantly quicker lap times than EVI an...

In the aftermath of the severe droughts and floods at the end of the 20th century, the Chinese government launched several ecological restoration projects, including the Natural Forest Protection Program in 1998 and the Grain-for-Green Program in 1999, to promote afforestation and reforestation to reduce surface runoff and consequent soil erosion nationwide. However, it is still unclear how veg...

Original scientific paper Electronic vehicle identification (EVI) technology is often introduced to implement congestion-based toll. This paper presented an ex ante evaluation method for EVI adaptability and discussed the feasibility of this technology in congestion charge on the basis of assessment. First, system dynamics was introduced to qualitatively analyze the effect of EVI on urban traff...

We developed an on-demand processing service on the GEO Grid system to generate Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and ortho-rectified images. The latest algorithms of radiometric and atmospheric corrections are also supported on this system (Sekiguchi et al., 2008). We implemented the MODTRAN3.7-based atmospheric correction for ...

Satellite observations play an important role in characterization of the interannual variation of vegetation. Here, we report anomalies of two vegetation indices for Northern Asia (40jN–75jN, and 45jE–179jE), using images from the SPOT-4 VEGETATION (VGT) sensor over the period of April 1, 1998 to November 20, 2001. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index ...

• A simple generalisation of the classical Hill estimator of a positive extreme value index (EVI) has been recently introduced in the literature. Indeed, the Hill estimator can be regarded as the logarithm of the mean of order p = 0 of a certain set of statistics. Instead of such a geometric mean, we can more generally consider the mean of order p (MOP) of those statistics, with p real, and eve...

Multiple cell types involved in the regulation of angiogenesis express Wnt ligands. Although β-catenin dependent and independent Wnt signaling pathways have been shown to control angiogenesis, the contribution of individual cell types to activate these downstream pathways in endothelial cells (ECs) during blood vessel formation is still elusive. To investigate the role of ECs in contributing Wn...

Leaf phenology of tropical evergreen forests affects carbon and water fluxes. In an earlier study of a seasonally moist evergreen tropical forest site in the Amazon basin, time series data of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the VEGETATION and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors showed an unexpected seasonal pattern, with higher EVI in the late dry season than in t...

Secreted Wnt morphogens mediate cell-cell communication, but the mechanism of Wnt transfer between cells is unknown. Korkut et al. (2009) report that the transmembrane protein Evi is a versatile carrier that guides Wingless to presynaptic terminals of motor neurons and then escorts it across the synaptic cleft. In postsynaptic muscles, Evi promotes Frizzled-2 trafficking.