Due to the disturbance effect of excavation, original stress is redistributed, resulting in an excavation damaged zone around roadway. It significant predict thickness because it directly affects stability roadways. This study used a sparrow search algorithm improve backpropagation neural network, and Elman network support vector regression models zone. Firstly, 209 cases with four indicators w...

Focal choroidal excavation (FCE) was first reported as a choroidal posteriorly excavated zone without any scleral change. Choroidal excavation also divided into conforming and nonconforming type. Numerous reports demonstrated association between FCE and other disease such as choroidal neovascularization and central serous choroidoretinopathy. Here, we report a rare case of FCE in a patient with...

Tunnel excavations in deep rocks provide stress perturbations which initiate diffuse and/or localized damage propagation in the material. This damage phenomenon can lead to significant irreversible deformations and changes in rock properties. In this paper, we propose to model such behavior by considering a micromechanically-based damage approach. The resulting micromechanical model, which also...