This paper studies the dynamics of the traveler’s day-to-day route adjustment process in the general transportation network with fixed or elastic demand and homogeneous or heterogeneous users. Each traveler is assumed to adjust his/her route choice according to the excess travel cost between the instantaneous experienced travel cost and a certain referred level, which induces an aggregate path ...

When both the base station and subscriber antennas are located in the cluttered multipath environment inside buildings, fast fading is observed as either antenna is moved over a distance on the order of a wavelength. The fast fading is evident in measurements made on CW signals, on individual arrivals for pulsed excitation, even for pulses as short as 5 ns. The statistical properties of the fad...

Plant water loss, regulated by stomata and driven by atmospheric demand, cannot exceed the maximum steady-state supply through roots. Just as an electric circuit breaks when carrying excess current, the soil-plant continuum breaks if forced to transport water beyond its capacity. Exciting new molecular, biophysical and ecological research suggests that roots are the weakest link along this hydr...

This paper presents results from the (to our knowledge) first dynamic double-directionally resolved measurement campaign at mm-wave frequencies for an outdoor microcellular scenario. The measurements are performed with USC’s realtime channel sounder equipped with phased array antennas that can steer beams electrically in microseconds, allowing directional measurements in dynamic environments. E...

This paper presents an empirical study for fixed wireless links based on IEEE802.16 standard in a vegetated residential environment. Field measurements were conducted for suburban microcell channel by utilizing 5.8 GHz of Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure. A set of comprehensive measurements that covered 10 point-to-multipoint links surrounding Universiti Teknologi Malaysia were se...

In this paper an experimental characterization of a typical indoor wireless propagation channel is performed. This channel characterization is needed for short range applications (<10m), utilizing Ultra-Wideband Impulse Radio (UWB-IR) techniques. Both the line of sight (LOS) and the non line of sight (NLOS) scenarios are taken into account. The characterization is done using time domain measure...

The results of an ultrawideband (UWB) measurement campaign carried out in a Hercules C-130 military cargo airplane are presented. The environment encompasses several metallic surfaces resulting in a large number of multipath components. Path-loss factor n representing the distance dependence of the channel path-loss is calculated for various frequency centers and bandwidths. A pathgain calculat...