We present, in this paper, a particularly simple lazy machine which runs programs written in λ-calculus. It was introduced by the present writer more than twenty years ago. It has been, since, used and implemented by several authors, but remained unpublished. In the first section, we give a rather informal, but complete, description of the machine. In the second part, definitions are formalized...

This paper presents the phonetic description of a three-way phonemic contrast in the medial stops (lenis, fortis, and voiced fortis stops) of a southern dialect of Northern Paiute. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of VOT, closure duration, and voice quality was performed on field recordings of a female speaker from the 1950s. The findings include that: 1) voiced fortis stops are realized p...

Public transit plays a key role in shaping the transportation structure of large and fast growing cities. To cope with high population and employment density, such cities usually resort to multi-modal transit services, such as rail, BRT and bus. These modes are strategically connected to form an effective transit network. Among the transit modes, bus stops need to be properly deployed to mainta...

Lenition can be considered a process of consonant weakening, such that there is less contrast between consonants and adjacent vowels. In the evolution of Spanish from Latin, the lenition process for stops follows a predictable pattern in the direction from voiceless stops to voiced stops to fricative and approximant realizations, which may end in deletion in the most extreme cases. While presen...