Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that affects from 3-5% of school-aged children. In some cases it may persist into adulthood. Prominent theories about ADHD suggest that inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity may be due to underlying deficits of the components of attention, including ale...

Schizophrenic patients show a variety of symptoms, including positive and negative symptoms and ego pathology. Their exact underlying neuropsychological mechanisms as well as related changes in personality, however, remain unclear. We therefore conducted an exploratory study to investigate the relationship among neuropsychological functions, various dimensions in personality, and the different ...

Executive functioning was examined in 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 20 normal elderly subjects. The results showed that AD patients present lower performance compared to control subjects in all executive tasks, confirming that some executive deficits may be present in the first stages of the disease. A factorial analysis suggested that these deficits can be related to two domain...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize the neuropsychological presentation of geriatric depression and to determine whether depression-related executive dysfunction is more pronounced during advanced age. METHOD The attention and executive functioning of 40 adults with major depression were compared with those of 40 healthy comparison subjects; 20 subjects were 20-60 years ol...

Differentiating the cognitive effects of cerebrovascular disease, particularly small vessel disease, from those of Alzheimer's disease is a difficult clinical challenge. An influential model of how subcortical cerebrovascular disease causes cognitive dysfunction posits that damage to frontostriatal loops impairs frontal lobe function, leading to predominant impairment of executive function and ...

b a c k ground: several studies have indicated that executive dysfunction is the main neuropsychological feature of parkinson’s disease (pd). the frontal assessment battery (fab) is a short tool for the assessment of executive functions. p u r p o s e : the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between persian version of fab scores and age, education, mini-mental state examination...

OBJECTIVE Children with epilepsy are vulnerable to executive dysfunction, but the relationship between executive functioning (EF) and quality of life (QOL) in children with epilepsy is not fully delineated. This exploratory study elucidated the relationship between ecological EF and QOL in pediatric intractable epilepsy. METHOD Fifty-four consecutively referred pediatric epilepsy surgery cand...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Frontal lobe dysfunction is believed to be a primary cognitive symptom in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH); however, the neuropsychology of this disorder remains to be fully investigated. The objective of this study was to delineate a comprehensive profile of cognitive dysfunction in iNPH and evaluate the effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt surgery on cogni...

OBJECTIVE The frontal assessment battery (FAB) is a quick and reliable method of screening to evaluate frontal lobe dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, previous studies were generally conducted on small samples representing different stages of disease and severity. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the FAB in detecting executive functions and its association with d...