Abstract Background and Purpose: Studies carried out in recent decades show that exercises have useful impact on improving executive functions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the roles of fitness and aerobic exercises on problem-solving process of dyslexic and dyscalculia children. Materials and methods: Using systematic review study and key terms including fitness and aerobic e...

Young children have long been known to act selfishly and gradually appear to become more generous across middle childhood. While this apparent change has been well documented, the underlying mechanisms supporting this remain unclear. The current study examined the role of early theory of mind and executive functioning in facilitating sharing in a large sample (N = 98) of preschoolers. Results r...

Research suggests that high levels of interpersonal power can promote enhanced executive functioning capabilities. The present work explored whether this effect is contingent upon expectancies concerning power's downstream cognitive consequences. Study 1 showed that social dominance orientation (SDO) predicted idiosyncratic expectancies of mental energy change toward interpersonal power. Study ...

The present study examined the developmental trajectories of motor planning and executive functioning in children. To this end, we tested 217 participants with three motor tasks, measuring anticipatory planning abilities (i.e., the bar-transport-task, the sword-rotation-task and the grasp-height-task), and three cognitive tasks, measuring executive functions (i.e., the Tower-of-Hanoi-task, the ...

The current paper proposes the Dysexecutive Luck hypothesis; that beliefs in being unlucky are associated with deficits in executive functioning. Four studies suggest initial support for the Dysexecutive Luck hypothesis via four aspects of executive functioning. Study 1 established that self-reports of dysexecutive symptoms predicted unique variance in beliefs in being unlucky after controlling...

aim and background: the purpose of this study was to compare executive function and sustained attention in students with obsessive–compulsive, high schizotypal and overlapping symptoms and a control group. methods and materials: the present study assessed undergraduate students of tabriz university by ex post facto method. randomized multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select 1570 students...

Executive functions (EF) such as self-monitoring, planning, and organizing are known to develop through childhood and adolescence. They are of potential importance for learning and school performance. Earlier research into the relation between EF and school performance did not provide clear results possibly because confounding factors such as educational track, boy-girl differences, and parenta...

Automaticity is a hallmark feature of walking in adults who are healthy and well-functioning. In the context of walking, "automaticity" refers to the ability of the nervous system to successfully control typical steady state walking with minimal use of attention-demanding executive control resources. Converging lines of evidence indicate that walking deficits and disorders are characterized in ...