Dogs are often the species of choice as an experimental model for the study of pulmonary responses to long-term exposure to air pollutants in chambers simulating environmental or occupational exposure in man. Their lungs bear a reasonable resemblance to human lungs, they are large enough to allow serial measurements of pulmonary responses, and they live long enough to ensure that findings are n...

A field deterministic model of the vehicular dynamics in a generic urban street canyon with two neighboring canyons is considered. The assumed hydrodynamical model of vehicular movement is coupled to the gasdynamical model of the air and emitted pollutants. The vehicles are assumed to move on distinct left lanes and right ones. At the upstream and downstream ends there are coordinated traffic l...

A field deterministic model of the vehicular dynamics in a generic urban street canyon with two neighboring canyons is considered. The assumed hydrodynamical model of vehicular movement is coupled to the gasdynamical model of the air and emitted pollutants. The vehicles are assumed to move on distinct left lanes and right ones. At the upstream and downstream ends there are coordinated traffic l...

Maritime transportation is a major source of climate change and air pollution. Shipping emissions cause severe impacts on health and environment. These effects of emissions are emerged especially in territorial waters, inland seas, canals, straits, bays, and port regions. In this paper, exhaust gas emissions from ships in Izmir Port, which is one of the main ports in Turkey, are calculated by t...

Diesel exhaust (DE) is one of the air pollutants in the world, and exposure to DE is an environmental health concern. Most studies amongst the limited number of studies on hepatotoxicity have focused on genotoxicity or mutagenicity. However, DE exposure may cause liver damage because one prospective study suggests that DE exposure is associated with increased mortality due to arteriosclerosis a...

Southern resident killer whales in British Columbia and Washington are exposed to heavy vessel traffic. This study investigates their exposure to exhaust gases from whale-watching vessels by using a simple dispersion model incorporating data on whale and vessel behavior, atmospheric conditions, and output of airborne pollutants from the whale-watching fleet based on emissions data from regulato...

Greenhouse gas emitted by the transport sector around the world is a serious issue of concern. To minimize such emission the automobile engineers have been working relentlessly. Researchers have been trying hard to switch fossil fuel to alternative fuels and attempting to various driving strategies to make traffic flow smooth and to reduce traffic congestion and emission of greenhouse gas. Auto...

Public service fleets offer an attractive option for introducing new renewable fuels on a large scale, which allow for the reduction of both greenhouse gas emissions and exhaust air pollutants. This study examines the use of biomethane (bio-CNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) for part of the bus fleet in Dublin, Ireland. The emissions produced from the 2008 fleet based at one of the city’s se...

In laboratory experiments, we investigated the ability of two task/ambient conditioning systems with air supplied from desk-mounted air outlets to efficiently ventilate the breathing zone of heated manikins seated at desks. In most experiments, the task conditioning systems provided 100% outside air while a conventional ventilation system provided additional space cooling but no outside air. Ai...

This paper discusses the issues of measuring formaldehyde on rich burn natural gas engines typically used in the gas compression industry in the United States. Recently, the EPA passed the final rule for reciprocating internal combustion engines to meet the national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (i.e. RICE NESHAP rule) for both compression ignition (CI) and spark ignited (SI) ...