this paper evaluates pedagogical grammar in the coursebooks of teaching persian non-iranian language learners. the study is based on communicative approach and pedagogical grammar. to evaluate the contents of those books, several checklists and grading scales were investigated and finally, an integrated checklist consisted of 20 questions was provided to be used in this study. in providing this...

Materials evaluation studies have constantly demonstrated that there is no one fixed procedure for conducting textbook evaluation studies. Instead, the criteria must be selected according to the needs and objectives of the context in which evaluation takes place. The speaking skill as part of the communicative competence has been emphasized as an important objective in language teaching. The pr...

colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. it's survival expectancy depends on the time of diagnosis, stage and grade of the tumor, and general condition of the patient. survival expectancy of this type of cancer reveals the quality of diagnostic and therapeutic services in the community. to improve and standardize the treatment modalities in this field, much rese...

Abstract Task-based language teaching has received increased attention in second language research. However, the combination of structured input-based approach and task-based language teaching has not been examined in relation to L2 grammar learning. To address this gap, the present study investigated how the structured input-based tasks with and without explicit information impacted learners’ ...

this study examines differences in non-native efl teachers’ beliefs about grammar and teaching grammar. the differences were sought across teachers’ work environment- private school versus state schools-, degree, gender, and teaching experience. a sample of 130 efl teachers teaching at junior high school, high schools, and private language institutes were randomly selected. the sample consisted...

regarding the important role of health in economic growth and development, the purpose of the present paper is to investigate the impact of life expectancy, as the most important indicator of health, on economic growth in iran during 1965-2009. the estimated smooth transition regression (str) model supports a nonlinear threshold behavior in the relationship between life expectancy and economic ...

background cancer is one of the most important leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. objectives this study aimed to calculate the burden of 9 common cancers in the population covered by mashhad university of medical sciences in iran in 2010-2011. patients and methods we calculated disability adjusted life years (dalys ) for each of nine cancers according to the sex and age groups...

objectives: each year, the united nations publishes an annual report titled by “human development report” for all countries around the world which in which the complex index for human development for achieving health life alongside education and economic welfare is examined. the innate ambiguity in estimation of human development index has brought about numerous criticism against the method of ...

Two major schools of grammar emerged in the 20th century, namely American Structural Grammar represented by L. Bloomfield and Transformational-Generative (TG Grammar) Chomsky. This paper compares differences between two from aspects background, stage development, philosophical psychological basis, view language, goals study, objects methods language acquisition theory other aspects. also Englis...