In this paper, I present a version of Categorial Grammar reinforced with subcategorizing and operational features. Employing the features allows the further specification of combinatory restrictions in natural languages. I show also that by assigning higher-order categories to words, such irregular expressions as "ago" and "last" and controversial constructions such as the formal subject "it," ...

This study investigated startle reflex modulation in 33 healthy student participants during the processing of negated emotional items. To build upon previous research, our particular interest was to find out whether processing of negated emotional items modulates emotional responding in line with the logical meaning of the negated expression, or instead leads to paradox emotional effects that p...

PURPOSE In this study, the authors tested the unique checking constraint (UCC) hypothesis and the usage-based approach concerning why young children variably use tense and agreement morphemes in obligatory contexts by examining the effect of subject types on the production of auxiliary is. METHOD Twenty typically developing 3-year-olds were included in this study. The children's production of...

The electrophysiology of language comprehension has long been dominated by research on syntactic and semantic integration. However, to understand expressions like "he did it" or "the little girl", combining word meanings in accordance with semantic and syntactic constraints is not enough-readers and listeners also need to work out what or who is being referred to. We review our event-related br...

The authors studied the operation of working memory in language comprehension by examining the reading of complex sentences. Reading time and comprehension accuracy in self-paced reading by college students were studied as a function of type of embedded clause (object-extracted vs. subject-extracted) and the types of noun phrases (NPs) in the stimulus sentences, including relative clauses and c...

The article examines the meaningful component of semantic unity lyubov’-ravnodushie-nenavist’ (love-indifference-hate) on material explanatory dictionaries Russian language. For each three components unity, an assessment is made lexical and phraseological means their expression. conclusion about asymmetry: love absolutely dominates in terms number units expressing its semantics; indifference ha...

Verb-Noun compounds in English can be classified into endocentric compounds and exocentric ones. Among exocentric Verb-Noun compounds, two types of constructions are very common: ‘Verb + Object = Agent’ construction and ‘Verb + Object =Instrument’ construction. Based on the cognitive analysis of endocentric V+N compounds, this paper argues that exocentric V+N compounds can be analyzed in the sa...

We present findings that relational nouns are more contextsensitive than entity nouns in two conceptual combination recognition tasks. Across two experiments, we investigated people’s ability to recognize entity nouns and relational nouns either in the same context as at encoding or in a different context. We found that (1) participants showed greater recognition sensitivity for entity nouns th...